Abstract
In this paper, we have introduced a new three-dimensional system having exponential term. The chaotic nature of the system is analysed by examining the Lyapunov exponents, graphing the phase portraits, time series of state vectors, bifurcation diagram, and Poincare maps. The novel system has three equilibrium points and it is discussed that all equilibrium points are unstable in nature. The two schemes of adaptive control and sliding mode control for chaos synchronization have been discussed for the novel chaotic system. Suitable nonlinear controllers have been designed in both adaptive control and sliding mode control methods to achieve the desired synchronization between identical chaotic systems by using the Lyapunov stability theory and Vaidyanathan’s theorem. Numerical simulations have been performed and the graphs are presented using MATLAB.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.
Code availability
Not applicable.
References
Azar, A.T., Vaidyanathan, S.: Chaos Modeling and Control Systems Design, Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 581. Springer, New York (2015)
Azar, A.T., Vaidyanathan, S.: Computational Intelligence Applications in Modeling and Control, Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 575. Springer, New York (2015)
Chua, L.O., Itoh, M., Kocarev, L., Eckert, K.: Chaos synchronization in Chua’s circuit. J. Circuits Syst. Comput. 3(1), 93–108 (1993)
Yau, H.T., Pu, Y.C., Li, S.C.: Application of a chaotic synchronization system to secure communication. Inf. Technol. Control 41, 274–282 (2012)
Yeh, J.P., Wu, K.L.: A simple method to synchronize chaotic systems and its application to secure communications. Math. Comput. Model. 47, 894–902 (2008)
Alsafasfeh, Q.H., Arfoa, A.A.: Image encryption based on the general approach for multiple chaotic systems. J. Signal Inf. Process. 2, 238–244 (2011)
Potapov, A.B., Ali, M.K.: Nonlinear dynamics and chaos in information processing neural networks. Differ. Equ. Dyn. Syst. 9, 259–319 (2001)
Vaidyanathan, S.: Sliding controller design for the global chaos synchronization of enzymes substrates systems. Int. J. PharmTech. Res. 8, 89–99 (2015)
Upadhyay, R., Rai, V.: Complex dynamics and synchronization in two non-identical chaotic ecological systems. Chaos Solutons Fractals 40(5), 2233–2241 (2009)
Laskin, N.: Fractional market dynamics. Phys. A Stat. Mech. Appl. 287(3–4), 482–492 (2000)
Turcotte, D.L.: Implications of chaos, scale-invariance, and fractal statistics in geology. Glob. Planet. Change 3(3), 301–308 (1990)
Rana, P., Chaudhary, K., Chauhan, S., Marik, M., Jha, B.K. : Dynamic analysis of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and antiretroviral treatment as optimal control. Commun. Math. Biol. Neurosci. (2022). https://doi.org/10.28919/cmbn/7428
Rana, P., Chauhan, S., Mubayi, A.: Burden of cytokines storm on prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection through immune response: dynamic analysis and optimal control with immunomodulatory therapy. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00435-7
Jethanandani, H., Jha, A.: A Computational Model to Study the Effect of Amyloid Beta on Calcium Dynamics, vol. 1287. Springer, Singapore (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9953-8_26
Shivam Kumar, M., Singh, T., Chauhan, S.: Positive effect of predator’s mortality in predator-prey system via turning patterns. Braz. J. Phys. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-022-01154-z
Pecora, L.M., Carroll, T.L.: Synchronization in chaotic systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 821–824 (1990)
Yassen, M.T.: Chaos Synchronization between two different chaotic systems using active control. Chaos Solutons Fractals 23, 131–140 (2005)
Li, G.-H.: Generalized projective synchronization of two chaotic systems by using active control. Chaos Solutons Fractals 30, 77–82 (2006)
Bai, E., Lonngren, K.E.: Synchronization of two Lorenz systems using active control. Chaos Solutons Fractals 8, 51–58 (1997)
Vaidyanathan, S.: Adaptive control of a chemical chaotic reactor. Int. J. PharmTech Res. 8, 377–382 (2015)
Sundarapandian, V., Pehlivan, I.: Analysis, control, synchronization, and circuit design of a novel chaotic system. Math. Comput. Model. 55, 1904–1915 (2012)
Vaidyanathan, S., Rajagopal, K., Volos, C.K., Kyprianidis, I.M., Stouboulos, I.N.: Analysis, adaptive control and synchronization of a seven-term novel 3-D chaotic system with three quadratic nonlinearities and its digital implementation in LabVIEW. J. Eng. Sci. Technol. Rev. 8(2), 130–141 (2015)
Zhang, R., Yang, S.: Adaptive synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems via a single driving variable. Nonlinear Dyn. 66, 831–837 (2011)
Odibat, Z.M.: Adaptive feedback control and synchronization of non-identical chaotic fractional order systems. Nonlinear Dyn. 60, 479–487 (2010)
Vaidyanathan, S., Kingni, S.T., Sambas, A., Mohamed, M.A., Mamat, M.: A new chaotic jerk system with three nonlinearities and synchronization via adaptive backstepping control. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 7(3), 1936–1943 (2018)
Denga, K., Lib, J., Yu, S.: Dynamics analysis and synchronization of a new chaotic attractor. Optik 125, 3071–3075 (2014)
Yu, Y., Zhang, S.: Adaptive backstepping synchronization of uncertain chaotic system. Chaos Solutons Fractals 21, 643–649 (2004)
Rakkiyappan, R., Sivasamy, R., Li, X.: Synchronization of identical and nonidentical memristor-based chaotic systems via active backstepping control technique. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 34, 763–778 (2015)
Yassen, M.T.: Chaos control of chaotic dynamical systems using backstepping design. Chaos Solitons Fractals 27, 537–548 (2006)
Bowong, S., Kakmeni, F.M.M.: Synchronization of uncertain chaotic systems via backstepping approach. Chaos Solitons Fractals 21, 999–1011 (2004)
Vaidyanathan, S., Sampath, S., Azar, A. T.: Global chaos synchronization of identical chaotic systems via novel sliding mode control method and its application to Zhu system. Int. J. Model. Identif. Control. 23(2), 92–100 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMIC.2015.067495
Vaidyanathan, S.: Global chaos synchronization of chemical chaotic reactors via novel sliding mode control method. Int. J. ChemTech Res. 8, 209–221 (2015)
Hosseinnia, S.H., Ghaderi, R., Ranjbar, A., Mahmoudian, M., Momani, S.: Sliding mode synchronization of an uncertain fractional order chaotic system. Comput. Math. Appl. 59, 1637–1643 (2010)
Guo, Q., Wan, F.: Complete synchronization of the global coupled dynamical network induced by Poisson noises. PLoS One 12, e0188632 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188632
Kim, C., Rim, S., Kye, W., Ryu, J., Park, Y.: Anti-synchronization of chaotic oscillators. Phys. Lett. A 320(1), 39–46 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2003.10.051
Sudheer, K., Sabir, M.: Hybrid synchronization of hyperchaotic Lu system. Pramana 73(4), 781–786 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-009-0145-1
Khan, A., Khattar, D., Agrawal, N.: Hybrid projective synchronization between the fractional order systems. J. Math. Comput. Sci. 8(2), 253–269 (2018)
Ho, M., Hung, Y.C., Chou, C.: Phase and anti-phase synchronization of two chaotic systems by using active control. Phys. Lett. A 296(1), 43–48 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9601(02)00074-9
Du, H., Zeng, Q., Wang, C., Ling, M.: Function projective synchronization in coupled chaotic systems. Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl. 11(2), 705–712 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nonrwa.2009.01.016
Shahverdiev, E., Sivaprakasam, S., Shore, K.: Lag synchronization in time-delayed systems. Phys. Lett. A 292(6), 320–324 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9601(01)00824-6
Wolf, A., Swift, J.B., Swinney, H.L., Vastano, J.A.: Determining Lyapunov exponents from a time series. Phys. D Nonlinear Phenom. 16, 285–317 (1985)
Hahn, W.: The Stability of Motion. Springer, New York (1967)
Vaidyanathan, S., Sampath, S., Azar, A.T.: Global chaos synchronisation of identical chaotic systems via novel sliding mode control method and its application to Zhu system. Int. J. Model. Identif. Control 23, 92–100 (2015)
Vaidyanathan, S.: Global chaos synchronisation of identical Li-Wu chaotic systems via sliding mode control. Int. J. Model. Identif. Control 22, 170–177 (2014)
Wang, Z., Song, C., Yan, A., Wang, G.: Complete synchronization and partial anti-synchronization of complex Lu chaotic systems by the UDE-based control method. Symmetry (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14030517
Wei, X., Zhang, Z., Lin, C., Chen, J.: Synchronization and anti-synchronization for complex-valued inertial neural networks with time-varying delays. Appl. Math. Comput. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2021.126194
Chaudhary, H., Khan, A., Sajid, M.: An investigation on microscopic chaos controlling of identical chemical reactor system via adaptive controlled hybrid projective synchronization. Eur. Phys. Spec. Top. 231, 453–463 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-021-00404-6
Ibrahim, M.M., Kamran, M.A., Mannan, M.M.N., Jung, I.H., Kim, S.: Lag synchronization of coupled time-delayed FitzHugh-Nagumo neural networks via feedback control. Sci. Rep. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82886-x
Gulati, P., Chauhan, S., Mubayi, A., Singh, T., Rana, P.: Dynamical analysis, optimum control and pattern formation in the biological pest (EFSB) control model. Chaos Solitons Fractals 147 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2021.110920
Barik, M., Swarup, C., Singh, T., Habbi, S., Chauhan, S.: Dynamical analysis, optimal control and spatial pattern in an influenza model with adaptive immunity in two stratified population. AIMS Math. 7(4), 4898–4935 (2022)
Funding
Not applicable.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors of this manuscript contributed equally.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There is no conflict of interest between the authors.
Ethics
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Khattar, D., Agrawal, N. & Singh, G. Chaos Synchronization of a New Chaotic System Having Exponential Term Via Adaptive and Sliding Mode Control. Differ Equ Dyn Syst (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12591-023-00635-0
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12591-023-00635-0