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The last chapter of 30 million years of molluscan evolution: Permian non-marine bivalves of the Rio do Rasto Formation, Paraná Basin, Brazil

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Abstract

The last chapter of the evolutionary history of the Permian (Artinskian–Wuchiapingian) endemic bivalves of the Passa Dois Group, Brazil, is depicted. They evolved in a vast, isolated epeiric sea under progressive continentalization. Previously, bivalves that thrived during times of marked non-marine (limnic) conditions have been poorly investigated. Hence, a systematic survey of the bivalves between the Leinzia similis assemblage (Serrinha Member) and the Palaeomutela platinensis assemblage (Morro Pelado Member), Rio do Rasto Formation, is presented. Over two hundred specimens were examined, and three bivalve assemblages were identified: (a) the Terraia decarinata assemblage in the uppermost part of the Serrinha Member, including Relogiincola delicata gen. et sp. nov., Palaeomutela australis sp. nov., and Palaeomutela platinensis (Reed, 1935); (b) the Terraia cf. decarinata assemblage in the transition between the Serrinha and Morro Pelado members, including T. decarinata, and P. platinensis, and (c) the Palaeomutela australis assemblage in the lowermost part of the Morro Pelado Member, also including R. delicata and P. platinensis. The investigated bivalves were recorded above the last occurrences of Terraia altissima (Holdhaus, 1918) and Cowperesia emerita Mendes, 1952 in the Serrinha Member. In the Gai-As Formation, Huab Basin, Namibia, these species are found in well-constrained Wordian–Capitanian strata, suggesting a Capitanian–Wuchiapingian age for the studied assemblages. The Permian cosmopolitan freshwater genus Palaeomutela occurs in all three assemblages and is also found in the lower Beaufort Group (South and Central Africa). Therefore, our record may represent the maximum paleobiogeographic expansion of Palaeomutela in Western Gondwana.

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Fig. 1

Data based on updated paleogeographic maps from Ziegler et al. (1997)

Fig. 2

Modified from Ferreira-Oliveira and Rohn (2010); biostratigraphic framework based on Rohn (1994)

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Adapted from Simões et al. (2015); guilds as in Aberhan and Kiessling (2015: p. 2)

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Acknowledgments

The authors are indebted to Ivone Cardoso Gonzales of the Institute of Geosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (IGc/USP) in São Paulo, SP, for granting access to J.C. Mendes’s original bivalve fossil collection. We also thank Prof. V.V. Silantiev for calling our attention to the presence of a pseudotaxodont hinge in some Permian bivalves of the Rio do Rasto Formation, and for performing a detailed review of the article. We also appreciate the helpful suggestions, comments, and corrections of Dr. A. Skawina and two editors (Mike Reich and Simon Schneider). R.P. Ghilardi and L.E. Anelli provided useful comments and suggestions regarding an early version of the manuscript and are therefore also acknowledged. Partial financial support for this research was provided by CNPq and CAPES. M.G.S. and L.V.W. are fellows of CNPq, and V.B.G. was a fellow of CAPES.

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  1. Departamento de Geologia Aplicada, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Rio Claro, 178, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil

    Vitor B. Guerrini, Rosemarie Rohn, Filipe G. Varejão & Lucas V. Warren

  2. Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, 510, Botucatu, SP, 18.618-970, Brazil

    Vitor B. Guerrini, Suzana A. Matos & Marcello G. Simões

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  1. Vitor B. Guerrini
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  2. Suzana A. Matos
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  4. Filipe G. Varejão
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Correspondence to Marcello G. Simões.

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Guerrini, V.B., Matos, S.A., Rohn, R. et al. The last chapter of 30 million years of molluscan evolution: Permian non-marine bivalves of the Rio do Rasto Formation, Paraná Basin, Brazil. PalZ 94, 487–512 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-019-00455-0

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