Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Separation on the Fracture Surface of Pipeline Steels with Ferrite–Bainite Dual Phases During Drop Weight Tear Test

  • Published:
Metals and Materials International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of separation on the fracture surface of ferrite–bainite dual-phase pipeline steels during a drop weight tear test (DWTT) was investigated via microstructural analysis and fracture surface examination. Two specimens (ST1 and ST2) were designed to have a dual-phase microstructure, with different ferrite and bainite fractions, by controlling the reduction ratio and holding time in the ferrite–austenite two-phase region during the thermomechanical process. Notably, ST2, which had a longer holding time for the retained austenite to absorb carbon, exhibited a harder bainite but softer ferrite phase compared to ST1. The greater hardness difference between those phases in ST2 induced the strain incompatibility frequently evident at the phase boundaries, resulting in lower ductility during the tensile test. Owing to the strain incompatibility, ST2 also generated more separation over a wider temperature range during DWTT. At low temperatures, where the brittle fracture was prominent, it was observed that ST2 generated separations on its fracture surface, whereas ST1 did not. These separations formed a local shear lip around themselves, thereby obstructing cleavage fracture propagation from the notch. Hence, it was confirmed that ST2 had a higher DWTT shear area than ST1 over a temperature range near the ductile–brittle transition temperature (DBTT). As a result, the DBTT of ferrite–bainite dual phase steel could be improved by increasing the amount of separation during DWTT.

Graphic Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H.K. Sung, S.S. Sohn, S.Y. Shin, S. Lee, N.J. Kim, S.H. Chon, J.Y. Yoo, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 541, 181 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Y.J. Ro, S.H. Chon, J.Y. Yoo, K.B. Kang, Proceedings of the 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (2012)

  3. H.H. Cho, S.H. Kang, S.H. Kim, K.H. Oh, H.J. Kim, W.S. Chang, H.N. Han, Mater. Design 34, 258 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. T. Fujishiro, Y. Shinohara, T. Hara, in Proceedings of the 26th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2016), Rhodes, Greece, ​26 June-1 July 2016

  5. Y. Shinohara, T. Hara, D. Iwasaki, in Proceedings of the 23rd International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2013), Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 30 June-5 July 2013

  6. J.I. Omale, E.G. Ohaeri, J.A. Szpunar, M. Arafin, F. Fateh, Mater. Charact. 147, 453 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. H.L. Kim, S.H. Bang, J.M. Choi, N.H. Tak, S.W. Lee, S.H. Park, Met. Mater. Int. 26, 1757 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. X.L. Wang, X.P. Ma, Z.Q. Wang, S.V. Subramanian, Z.J. Xie, C.J. Shang, X.C. Li, Mater. Charact. 149, 26 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. M.A. Mohtadi-Bonab, H. Ghesmati-Kucheki, Met. Mater. Int. 25, 1109 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. N. Huda, Y. Wang, L. Li, A.P. Gerlich, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 765, 138301 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Ranjbar, R. Miresmaeili, M.R. Naimi-Jamal, M. Mirzaei, Met. Mater. Int. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00882-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. N. Amirjani, M. Ketabchi, M. Eskandari, M. Hizombor, Met. Mater. Int. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00841-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. API Recommended Practice 5L3, 3rd edn., Recommended Practice for Conducting Drop-Weight Tear Tests on Line Pipe (American Petroleum Institute, Washington DC, 1996)

  14. ASTM E436–91, Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels (ASTM international, West Conshohocken, 1997)

  15. S.Y. Shin, S. Hong, J.H. Bae, K. Kim, S. Lee, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 40, 2333 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. I. Tamura, H. Sekine, T. Tanaka, C. Ouchi, Thermomechanical Processing of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels (Butterworths, London, 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  17. T. Hara, Y. Shinohara, in Proceedings of the 22nd International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2012), Rhodes, Greece, 17-23 June 2012

  18. M. Yang, Y.J. Chao, X. Li, J. Tan, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 497, 451 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Y. Kimura, T. Inoue, F. Yin, K. Tsuzaki, Science 320, 1057 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. B. Mintz, E.M. Maina, W.B. Morrison, Mater. Sci. Technol. 24, 177 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. S.M. Toker, F. Rubitschek, T. Niendorf, D. Canadinc, H.J. Maier, Scripta Mater. 66, 435 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. M.S. Joo, D.W. Suh, J.H. Bae, H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 546, 314 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Matsuda, Y. Kawashima, S. Sekiguchi, M. Okamoto, Tetsu-to-Hagane 68, 435 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Ghosh, S. Patra, A. Chatterjee, D. Chakrabarti, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 47, 2755 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Igi, C. Guan, B. Rothwell, T. Hiraide, in Proceedings of the 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference (IPC2016), Calgary, 26–30 September 2016. Vol. 3: Operations, Monitoring and Maintenance; Materials and Joining (ASME, New York, 2016), IPC2016-64240

  26. ASTM E8/E8M-09, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials (ASTM international, West Conshohocken, 2011)

  27. J.Y. Kang, D.H. Kim, S.I. Baik, T.H. Ahn, Y.W. Kim, H.N. Han, K.H. Oh, H.C. Lee, S.H. Han, ISIJ Int. 51, 130 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Tsuyama, H. Nakamichi, K. Yamada, S. Endo, ISIJ Int. 53, 317 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. S.L. Shrestha, A.J. Breen, P. Trimby, G. Proust, S.P. Ringer, J.M. Cairney, Ultramicroscopy 137, 40 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. S.J. Jia, B. Li, Q.Y. Liu, Y. Ren, S. Zhang, H. Gao, J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 27, 681 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. S.I. Lee, J. Lee, B. Hwang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 758, 56 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. T. Tanaka, Int. Met. Rev. 26, 185 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. T.H. Ahn, C.S. Oh, K. Lee, E.P. George, H.N. Han, J. Mater. Res. 27, 39 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. S. Takaki, Y. Fujimura, K. Nakashima, T. Tsuchiyama, Mater. Sci. Forum 539–543, 228 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. H.K. Sung, D.H. Lee, S. Lee, H.S. Kim, Y. Ro, C.S. Lee, B.C. Hwang, S.Y. Shin, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 47, 2726 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. N. Fonstein, M. Kapustin, N. Pottore, I. Gupta, O. Yakubovsky, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 104, 315 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. M.S. Mohsenzadeh, M. Mazinani, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 675, 193 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Q.Y. Sha, D.H. Li, G.J. Huang, J. Guan, Int. J. Min. Met. Mater. 20, 741 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. L. Lan, M. Yu, C. Qiu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 742, 442 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. W. Oldfield, ASTM Stand. News 3, 24 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grants funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (Nos. 2018R1A2B6006856 and 2020R1A5A6017701). This work was also financially supported by POSCO. The Institute of Engineering Research at Seoul National University provided research facilities for this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

    Yong Hwan Cho, Jaeeun Lee, Wung Yong Choo & Heung Nam Han

  2. Technical Research Laboratories, POSCO, Pohang, 37859, Republic of Korea

    Juseok Kang

Authors
  1. Yong Hwan Cho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jaeeun Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Wung Yong Choo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Juseok Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Heung Nam Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heung Nam Han.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cho, Y.H., Lee, J., Choo, W.Y. et al. Effect of Separation on the Fracture Surface of Pipeline Steels with Ferrite–Bainite Dual Phases During Drop Weight Tear Test. Met. Mater. Int. 28, 1340–1348 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-00999-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-00999-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation