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Effects of transition-metal ions on the morphology and electrochemical properties of δ-MnO2 for supercapacitors

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Abstract

δ-MnO2 materials doped with transition-metal cations (Zn, Co, and Ag) were successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal technique. The structures and morphologies of the obtained oxides were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements. Additionally, the electrochemical properties were evaluated through cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic cycling measurements. The results indicate that the pure and doped samples crystallize in the δ form with a layered structure and that the Mn/Zn, Mn/Co and Mn/Ag molar ratios are all approximately 1:0.09. Both the Zn-doped and pure MnO2 materials exhibit a petal-like morphology; however, the former has a higher specific surface area of up to 98.97m2 g−1. Furthermore, the Zn-doped MnO2 exhibits a near-rectangular cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve with broad quasi-reversible redox peaks and a specific capacitance of 182.9 F g−1 at a CV scan rate of 2 mV s−1. The Co-doped material exhibits a distinct spiny-fiber morphology, and the electrochemical performance of this material is significantly worse than that of pure MnO2. The average attenuation rate of the Ag-doped material is only 0.028% after 1000 cycles, which is lower than that of pure MnO2.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Jia-Wei Wang, Ya Chen & Bai-Zhen Chen

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  1. Jia-Wei Wang
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  2. Ya Chen
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  3. Bai-Zhen Chen
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Correspondence to Ya Chen.

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Wang, JW., Chen, Y. & Chen, BZ. Effects of transition-metal ions on the morphology and electrochemical properties of δ-MnO2 for supercapacitors. Met. Mater. Int. 20, 989–996 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-014-6001-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-014-6001-y

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