Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Understanding the parameters controlling friction stir welding of AISI 409M ferritic stainless steel

  • Published:
Metals and Materials International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Empirical relationships were developed to predict the tensile strength and impact toughness of the friction stir welded AISI 409M ferritic stainless steel joints by incorporating process parameters, namely rotational speed, welding speed and tool shoulder diameter. The experiments were conducted based on a three factor, five level, central composite rotatable design matrix. Sensitivity analysis was carried out and compared with the relative impact of three process parameters on tensile strength and impact toughness to verify the measurement errors on the values of the uncertainty in estimated parameters. The results indicate that the welding speed has the greatest inuence on tensile strength and impact toughness, followed by rotational speed and tool shoulder diameter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W. B. Lee, J. K. Kim, J. S. Park, I. S. Woo, and J. B. Lee, Mater. Sci. Forum. 45, 580 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  2. M. O. H. Amuda and S. Mridha, Adv. Maters. Res. 83, 1165 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. W. M. Thomas, P. L. Threadgill, and E. D. Nicholasm, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 4, 365 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. S. H. C. Park, T. Kumagai, Y. S. Sato, H. Kokawa, K. Okamoto, S. Hirano, and M. Inagaki, Proc. 15 th Int. Conf. on Offshore and Polar Engineering (eds. R. Ayer, T. Yao, J. S. Chung, H. G. Wheat, N. Kato) p.6, International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Seoul, Korea (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  5. W. M. Thomas, C. S. Wiesner, D. J. Marks, and D. G. Staines, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 14, 247 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. T. Shinoda, H. Takegami, M. Hirakawa, and H. Yamamoto, Proc. 15 th Int. Conf. on Offshore and Polar Engineering (eds. R. Ayer, T. Yao, J. S. Chung, H. G. Wheat, N. Kato) p.18, International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Seoul, Korea (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  7. T. Saeid, A. Abdollah-zadeh, H. Assadi, F. Malek Ghaini, Mater. Sci. Engg. A, 496, 262 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. F. C. Liu and Z. Y Ma, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 39A, 2378 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Miyano, H. Fujii, Y. Sun, Y. Katadac, and S. Kurodac, O. Mater. Sci. Engg. A, 528, 2917 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. W. G. Cochran and G. M. Cox, Experimental Design, 2nd ed. p. 177. Asia Publishing House, New Delhi (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. Grum and J. M. Slabe, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 155, 2026 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Balasubramanian, V. Jayabalan, and V. Balasubramanian. Mater. Des. 29, 92 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. B. Acherjee, D. Misra, D. Bose, and K. Venkadeshwaran, Optics. Laser. Technol. 41, 956 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Ruggiero, L. Tricarico, A. G. Olabi, and K. Y. Benyounis, Optics. Laser. Technol. 43, 82 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. V. Balasubramanian, A. K. Lakshminarayanan, R. Varahamoorthy, and S. Babu, Mater. Manufac. Process. 23, 674 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Balasubramanian, V. Jayabalan, and V. Balasubramanian. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 35, 852 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. J. J. Shen, H. J. Liu, and F. Cui, Mater. Des. 31, 3937 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. L. Zhou, H. J. Liu, and Q. W. Liu, Mater. Des. 31, 2631 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. K. Elangovan and V. Balasubramanian, Mater. Des. 29, 362 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. P. K. Palani and N. Murugan, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 190, 291 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. D. C. Montgomery, Design and analysis of experiments, 5th ed. p. 201–205. John Wiley & Sons, Newyork (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  22. I. S. Kim, Y. J. Jeong, I. J. Son, I. J. Kim, J. Y. Kim, I. K. Kim, K. D. Prasad, and V. Yaragada, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 140, 676 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Karaoglu and A. Secgin, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 202, 500 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. J. F. Shackelford and W. Alexander, Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 3rd ed. p. 665–667, CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington, D.C. (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Z. Zhang, Y. L. Liu, and J. T. Chen, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 45, 889 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Arora, A. De, and T. DebRoy, Script. Mater. 64, 9 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. K. Y. Benyounis, A. G. Olabi, and M. S. J. Hashmi, Optics Laser Technol. 40, 76 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

    A. K. Lakshminarayanan & V. Balasubramanian

Authors
  1. A. K. Lakshminarayanan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. V. Balasubramanian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. K. Lakshminarayanan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lakshminarayanan, A.K., Balasubramanian, V. Understanding the parameters controlling friction stir welding of AISI 409M ferritic stainless steel. Met. Mater. Int. 17, 969–981 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-011-6016-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-011-6016-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation