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Using the Capitella complex to investigate the effects of sympatric cryptic species distinction on ecological and monitoring studies in coastal areas

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Abstract

The polychaete Capitella capitata is historically one of the most commonly used indicators of organic enrichment in marine benthic environments. However, this taxon has been used to refer to several cryptic species with distinct environmental tolerances, which may compromise ecological assessment and monitoring programs. In this study, we aimed to (1) assess the overlap and patterns of dominance in the spatial and temporal distribution and response to environmental variability of different species of the C. capitata complex in an urbanized coastal area and (2) investigate how the taxonomic resolution (species vs genera) could affect the observed patterns (i.e., whether the acknowledgement of cryptic species may affect the outcome of ecological assessments). Eight sampling campaigns were carried out from September 2011 to September 2013 in a heavily anthropized tidal flat in Southeastern Brazil. Four species of the complex were identified. Capitella nonatoi was the most abundant (~80% of the total abundance). Overall, the four species of Capitella showed high overlap in spatial distribution, especially between the most abundant ones. At community level, taxonomic resolution did not influence the perceived relationships with environmental and spatial variables, a result likely driven by the dominance of C. nonatoi and relatively high spatial overlap among species. The assemblage was influenced mainly by chlorophyll a and hydrocarbons, corroborating the indicator status of the taxa. At species level, however, individual response to environmental variability differed, suggesting that species may have distinct requirements. Thus, the use of a particular taxonomic resolution in ecological studies depends on the questions to be addressed. The recognition of cryptic diversity may be important for biodiversity assessments and studies at the population level (i.e., dynamics, behavior). Although further studies are needed to corroborate the observed patterns of dominance at larger scales, for community-level assessments, our results suggest that identifying Capitella to species level may not be needed for local ecological monitoring.

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Acknowledgements

This manuscript was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) through grants to HH Checon (150316/2018-6) and a productivity grant to ACZ Amaral (301551/2019-7). We also thank the Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for financial support to HH Checon (2018/22036-0) and GN Corte (2016/10810-8 and 2017/17071-9) and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for institutional funding to CF Silva. We would like to thank Rachel Daolio, Decio Gomes, Nathalia Padovanni, Thalita Forroni, Angélica Godoy, Juliana Vitali, and Rafael Murayama for their assistance with sampling procedures; Danilo Vieira for providing the baseline scripts for spatial interpolation analysis; Ediunetty Sousa for providing the microphytobenthic data; and Yasmina Shah Esmaeili for the English revision of the manuscript. We are also grateful to the Institute of Biology of the University of Campinas (IB/UNICAMP), the Center for Marine Biology of the University of São Paulo (CEBIMar/USP), and the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (IO/USP) for their logistic support. We would also like to thank the three anonymous reviewers who helped improved the manuscript.

Funding

This manuscript was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) through grants to HH Checon (150316/2018-6) and a productivity grant to ACZ Amaral (301551/2019-7). We also thank the Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for financial support to HH Checon (2018/22036-0) and GN Corte (2017/17071-9) and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for institutional funding to CF Silva. This work was also supported by FAPESP under Project “Biodiversidade e funcionamento de um ecossistema costeiro subtropical: subsídios para gestão integrada” (BIOTA/FAPESP-Araçá) (2011/50317-5).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

    Helio H. Checon, Guilherme N. Corte, Camila F. Silva & Marcia C. Bícego

  2. Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brasil

    Helio H. Checon, Guilherme N. Corte, Camila F. Silva & A. Cecília Z. Amaral

  3. Escola do Mar, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brasil

    Guilherme N. Corte

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  1. Helio H. Checon
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  2. Guilherme N. Corte
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  3. Camila F. Silva
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  4. Marcia C. Bícego
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  5. A. Cecília Z. Amaral
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Correspondence to Helio H. Checon.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

No animal testing was performed during this study.

Sampling and field studies

All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities. The study is compliant with CBD and Nagoya protocols.

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Author contribution

HHC, GNC, and CFS conducted the field sampling; CFS and ACZA carried out the identification of specimens; HHC carried out the data analysis; MCB carried out the analyses of hydrocarbons; HHC and GNC wrote the manuscript; ACZA coordinated the project and provided logistical support and funding acquisition; all authors have read and reviewed the manuscript.

Additional information

Communicated by P. C. Paiva

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Checon, H.H., Corte, G.N., Silva, C.F. et al. Using the Capitella complex to investigate the effects of sympatric cryptic species distinction on ecological and monitoring studies in coastal areas. Mar. Biodivers. 51, 48 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01185-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01185-w

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