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Geospatial soil loss risk assessment using RUSLE model: a study of Panjkora River Basin, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Abstract

Soil erosion and consequent sedimentation are natural processes that are enhanced by human activities. Soil erosion and related land degradation are major issues, particularly in subtropical monsoon-dominated parts of the world. Soil erosion not only endangers soil fertility and food availability but also harms aquatic ecosystems and water supplies. The purpose of this research is to quantify and map the yearly soil loss in the Panjkora river basin, Pakistan. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model is used in the geospatial environment to achieve the study objectives. The results reveal that the Panjkora basin is moderate to highly susceptible to soil erosion. The estimated annual soil loss from the basin is 5.94 million tons or 10.25 tons per hectare/year. Though the high and very high soil erosion is experienced only in 2.18% of the overall study area, is responsible for 78.52% of the entire soil loss from the Panjkora basin. The study suggests that the K factor (soil type), R factor (rainfall intensity), and LS factor (topography) have the most significant impact on soil erosion in the study area. This study emphasizes the need for proper land and water resource management with viable rehabilitation measures. The soil risk map aids in identifying soil erosion hotspots where efforts should be concentrated to prevent future soil loss. Terraced agricultural and arboriculture methods should be implemented in the Panjkora river basin to prevent additional soil loss.

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Acknowledgements

We are very thankful to “Lukasz Pawlik” for his cooperation during the writing/review process.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 2500, Pakistan

    Muhammad Jamal Nasir

  2. Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Hayatabad Campus, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Said Alam

  3. National University of Sciences and Technology, IGIS, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Waqas Ahmad, Javed Iqbal & Burhan Ahmad

  4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Water Resources Research Center, the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA

    Sayed M. Bateni

  5. Centre of Excellence for Climate Change Research/Department of Meteorology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Mansour Almazroui

  6. Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

    Mansour Almazroui

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Correspondence to Waqas Ahmad.

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Nasir, M.J., Alam, S., Ahmad, W. et al. Geospatial soil loss risk assessment using RUSLE model: a study of Panjkora River Basin, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Arab J Geosci 16, 440 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11555-2

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