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Spatial variability of hydrochemistry and health risk assessment of groundwater of taluka Hala, district Matiari, Sindh, Pakistan

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Abstract

The current study explores the quality of groundwater of taluka Hala, district Matiari for irrigation and drinking purposes using Arc-GIS maps. The 30 samples were collected from different sites mostly used for human consumption. The water samples were examined for 26 parameters. The results of EC and TDS varied from 370 to 5010 μS/cm and 237 to 3206 mg/L. The results of anions Cl−, HCO3−, and SO42− varied from 11 to 1032, 150 to 620, and 15 to 530 mg/L respectively and cations Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, and Na+ varied from 24 to 208, 1.0 to 75, 8.0 to 192, and 10 to 425 mg/L respectively. The results indicated that arsenic 43% and fluoride 40% samples were higher than acceptable limits of WHO. The samples were examined for correlation matrix, Piper diagrams, cluster analysis, Gibbs diagrams, principal component analysis, and water quality index (WQI). Piper diagram indicated most water samples were rich in mixed type Ca2+-Na+-HCO3− and Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl− types of water, whereas few samples indicated Mg2+-HCO3− and NaCl types of water. The Gibbs diagrams indicated evaporation dominance followed by rock and precipitation dominances. The results of WQI indicated 56.7% samples were of poor to very poor water quality for drinking. The principal component analysis indicated 8 components and accounted for 85.317% of the cumulative variance in the data set. The calculated parameters for irrigation such as SAR, Na%, Kelly Index (KI), Revelle Index (RI), Permeability Index (PI), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), and Ion Exchange Process indicated that 53–100% samples of Hala were suitable for irrigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan

    Imran Khan Rind, Muhammad Yar Khuhawar, Taj Muhammad Jahangir Khuhawar & Waheed Ali Soomro

  2. Dr. M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan

    Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani

  3. Centre for Pure and Applied Geology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

    Muhammad Soomar Samtio

  4. Institute of Information Technology and Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

    Abdul Rehman Baloch

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  1. Imran Khan Rind
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  2. Muhammad Yar Khuhawar
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  3. Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani
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  4. Taj Muhammad Jahangir Khuhawar
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  5. Muhammad Soomar Samtio
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  6. Waheed Ali Soomro
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Correspondence to Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani.

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Rind, I.K., Khuhawar, M.Y., Lanjwani, M.F. et al. Spatial variability of hydrochemistry and health risk assessment of groundwater of taluka Hala, district Matiari, Sindh, Pakistan. Arab J Geosci 16, 99 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11182-x

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