Abstract
When the width to depth ratio of a retaining structure in an actual project is small, there is an obvious 3D effect of the passive earth pressure on the retaining wall. Therefore, the study of the 3D passive earth pressure on the retaining wall is of great significance. In this study, a numerical model was established to study the 3D passive earth pressure on the rigid retaining wall in three displacement modes (i.e., translation, rotation around the bottom, and rotation around the top). In this regard, the 3D passive earth pressure coefficients in three displacement modes were obtained. The results showed that the displacement mode significantly affected the size and distribution of 3D passive earth pressure, the spatial effect of passive earth pressure gradually weakened with the increase of the width to depth ratio (b/h) of the retaining wall, and when b/h>10, the spatial effect of passive earth pressure could be ignored from the engineering point of view. We believe that the results of this research could provide a reference for the investigation of the 3D passive earth pressure on the retaining wall and other related engineering designs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Antão AN, Santana TG, da Silva MV et al (2016) Three-dimensional active earth pressure coefficients by upper bound numerical limit analysis. Comput Geotech 79:96–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.05.022
Benmebarek S, Khelifa T, Benmebarek N, Kastner R (2008) Numerical evaluation of 3D passive earth pressure coefficients for retaining wall subjected to translation. Comput Geotech 35(1):47–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2007.01.008
Blum H (1932) Wirtschaftliche dalbenformen und deren berechnung. Bautechnik 10(5):122–135
Duncan M, Mokwa RL (2001) Passive earth pressures theories and tests. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 127(3):248–257. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:3(248)
Ferchat A, Benmebarek S, Houhou MN (2021) 3D numerical analysis of piled raft interaction in drained soft clay conditions. Arab J Geosci 14:394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-06783-3
Hansen J (1966) Resistance of a rectangular anchor slab. Bull. No.21. Danish Geotechnical Institute, Copenhagen, pp 12–13
Itasca Consulting Group Inc (2013) FLAC3D, Version 5. User’s Guide Minneapolis, Minnesota
Kargar M, Mir Mohammad Hosseini SM (2015) Earth pressure distribution behind rigid non-yielding walls under the effect of repeated loading on backfill. Arab J Geosci 8(2):839–847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-013-1159-z
Lu KL, Zhu DY, Yang Y (2011) Study of earth pressure against rigid retaining wall with arbitrary displacement modes. Rock Soil Mech 32(S1):370–375
Meksaouine M (1993) A theoretical and experimental study of passive pressure on rigid piles. Institute National des Sciences Appliqués de Lyon, France
Ovesen NK (1964) Anchor slabs: calculation methods and model tests. Bull. No. 16, Danish Geotechnical Institute, Copenhagen, pp 5–39
Peng SQ, Zhou J, Fan L et al (2008) Research on earth pressure of rigid retaining wall considering soil arching. Rock Soil Mech 29(10):2701–2707
Rahardjo H, Fredlund DG (1984) General Limit equilibrium method for lateral earth force. Can Geotech J 21(1):166–175. https://doi.org/10.1139/t84-013
Skrabl S, Macuh B (2005) Upper-bound solutions of three-dimensional passive earth pressures. Can Geotech J 42(5):1449–1460. https://doi.org/10.1139/t05-067
Soubra AH, Regenass P (2000) Three-dimensional passive earth pressures by kinematical approach. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 126(11):969–978. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:11(969)
Sun GH, Lin S, Zheng H, Tan YZ, Sui T (2020) The virtual element method strength reduction technique for the stability analysis of stony soil slopes. Comput Geotech 119:103349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103349
Xu RQ, Chen YK, Yang ZX et al (2002) Experimental research on the passive earth pressure acting on a rigid wall. Chin J Geotech Eng 24(5):569–575
Xu RQ, Gong C, Wei G (2005) Theory of earth pressure against rigid retaining walls considering translational movement effect. J Zhejiang Univ (Eng Sci) 39(1):119–122
Yang SQ, Lu KL, Shi KB et al (2018) Model tests on 3D slip surface of passive failure behind a rigid retaining wall. Rock Soil Mech 39(09):3303–3312
Ying HW, Zheng BB, Xie XY (2011) Study of passive earth pressures against translating rigid retaining walls in narrow excavations. Rock Soil Mech 32(12):3755–3762
Funding
The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52079121).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible editor: Zeynal Abiddin Erguler
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lu, K., Zhou, G. & Shi, K. Numerical study of 3D passive earth pressure on a rigid retaining wall in three displacement modes. Arab J Geosci 14, 2059 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08444-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08444-x