Abstract
Taking Qiyueshan Tunnel as the engineering background, the three-dimensional model test system of tunnel water inrush and mud gushing was independently developed to study the structural instability characteristics and seepage laws of karst conduit fillings with different permeability coefficients. Then, the instability process of the filling, the evolution of water pressure, and the characteristics of the hydraulic gradient were analyzed. It is concluded that the fillings with different permeability coefficients show different instability characteristics, and the failure types of karst conduit filling are divided into sand inrush, water inrush, and mud inrush according to the instability characteristics of the filling. The pore water pressure at each measuring point in the filling material tends to decrease gradually along the direction of the confined water seepage. As the pressure of the confined water increases, the pore water pressure value of each measuring point increases gradually. And the higher the content of clay in the filling material is, the higher the maximum confined water pressure that the filling can bear when the filling material is unstable. The average hydraulic gradient in the filling increases with the increase of confined water pressure. The adjacent hydraulic gradient value increases with the increase of confined water pressure.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bai HB, Ma D, Chen ZQ (2013) Mechanical behavior of groundwater seepage in karst collapse pillars. Eng Geol 164:101–106
Hu XD, Wu YH, Guo W (2019) Forensic investigation of a water inrush accident during ground freezing recovery work. J Perform Constr Facil 33(2):1–11
Huang Z, Li SJ, Zhao K, Wu R, Zhong W (2019) Water inrush mechanism for slip instability of filled karst conduit in tunnels. J Central South Univ (Sci Technol) 50(5):1119–1126 (In Chinese)
Li LP (2009) Study on catastrophe evolution mechanism of karst water inrush and its engineering application of high risk karst tunnel (Ph.D. Thesis). Shandong University, China. (In Chinese)
Li SC, Zhou ZQ, Li LP, Xu ZH, Zhang QQ, Shi SS (2013) Risk assessment of water inrush in karst tunnels based on attribute synthetic evaluation system. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 38(2013):50–58
Li LP, Lei T, Li SC, Xue YG (2015a) Dynamic risk assessment of water inrush in tunnelling and software development. Geomech Eng 9(1):57–81
Li SC, Lin P, Xu ZH, Li LP, Guo M, Sun CQ, Wang J, Song SG (2015b) Minimum safety thickness of water and mud inrush induced by filled-type karst water bearing structures based on theory of slice method. Rock Soil Mech 36(7):1989–2002 (In Chinese)
Li SC, Liu HL, Li LP, Zhang QQ, Wang K, Wang K (2015c) Large scale three-dimensional seepage analysis model test and numerical simulation research on undersea tunnel. Appl Ocean Res 59:510–520
Li S, Yuan C, Feng X, Li S (2016) Mechanical behaviour of a large-span double-arch tunnel. KSCE J Civ Eng 20(7):2737–2745
Li LP, Chen DY, Li SC, Zhang MG, Liu HL (2017) Numerical analysis and fluid-solid coupling model test of filling-type fracture water inrush and mud gush. Geomech Eng 13(6):1011–1025
Li SC, Wang J, Li LP, Shi SS, Zhou ZQ (2019) The theoretical and numerical analysis of water inrush through filling structures. Math Comput Simul 162:115–134
Liang DX, Jiang ZQ, Zhu SY, Sun Q, Qian ZW (2016) Experimental research on water inrush in tunnel construction. Nat Hazards 81:467–480
Liu QS, Wang JT, Xiao LG, Li JC, Liu B, Zhang XL (2017) Application of OFDR-based sensing technology in geo-mechanical model test on tunnel excavation using cross rock pillar method. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 36(5):1063–1075 (In Chinese)
Luo K, Wu F, Qiu KZ, Wang ZL, Fan JR (2015) Effects of preferential concentration on collision and erosion between solid particles and tube bank in a duct flow. Int J Heat Mass Transf 83:372–381
Ma D, Bai HB, Miao XX, Pu H, Jiang BY, Chen ZQ (2016) Compaction and seepage properties of crushed limestone particle mixture: an experimental investigation for Ordovician karst collapse pillar groundwater inrush. Environ Earth Sci 75:1–14
Ma D, Duan HY, Li XB, Li ZH, Zhou ZL, Li TB (2019a) Effects of seepage-induced erosion on nonlinear hydraulic properties of broken red sandstones. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 91:1–10
Ma D, Wang JJ, Cai X, Ma XT, Zhang JX, Zhou ZL, Tao M (2019b) Effects of height/diameter ratio on failure and damage properties of granite under coupled bending and splitting deformation. Eng Fract Mech 220:1–14
Ma D, Wang JJ, Li ZH (2019c) Effect of particle erosion on mining-induced water inrush hazard of karst collapse pillar. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(19):19719–19728
Pang YH, Wang GF, Ding ZW (2014) Mechanical model of water inrush from coal seam floor based on triaxial seepage experiments. Int J Coal Sci Technol 1(4):428–433
Shi SS (2014) Study on seepage failure mechanism and risk control of water inrush induced by filled disaster structure in deep-long tunnel and engineering applications (Ph.D. Thesis). Shandong University, China. (In Chinese)
Song SG, Li SC, Li LP, Shi SS, Zhou ZQ, Liu ZH, Shang CS, Sun HZ (2019) Model test study on vibration blasting of large cross-section tunnel with small clearance in horizontal stratified surrounding rock. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 92(2019):1–7
Vietthuc C (2016) Mechanism on water inrush disaster of filling karst piping and numerical analysis of evolutionary process in highway tunnel. J Central South Univ (Sci Technol) 47(12):4173–4180 (In Chinese)
Wang YC, Yin X, Jing HW, Liu RC, Su HJ (2016) A novel cloud model for risk analysis of water inrush in karst tunnels. Environ Earth Sci 75:1450–1462
Wang XT, Li SC, Xu ZH, Hu J, Pan DD, Xue YG (2019) Risk assessment of water inrush in karst tunnels excavation based on normal cloud model. Bull Eng Geol Environ 78:3783–3798
Xia F, Chen YM, Li XW (2019) Analysis on the development trend and influencing factors of mine water inrush accidents in china. Fresenius Environ Bull 28(8):6209–6214
Xue YG, Wang D, Li SC, Qiu DH, Li ZQ, Zhu JY (2017) A risk prediction method for water or mud inrush from water-bearing faults in subsea tunnel based on cusp catastrophe model. KSCE J Civ Eng 21(7):2607–2614
Yang WM, Fang ZD, Wang H, Li LP, Shi SS, Ding RS, Bu L, Wang MX (2019) Analysis on water inrush process of tunnel with large buried depth and high water pressure. Processes 7(3):1–17
Yin Q, Ma GW, Jing HW, Wang HD, Su HJ, Wang YC, Liu RC (2017) Hydraulic properties of 3D rough-walled fractures during shearing: an experimental study. J Hydrol 555:169–184
Yin Q, Liu RC, Jing HW, Su HJ, Yu LY, He LX (2019a) Experimental study of nonlinear flow behaviors through fractured rock samples after high-temperature exposure. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52:2963–2983
Yin Q, Jing HW, Ma GW, Su HJ, Liu RC (2019b) Laboratory investigation of hydraulic properties of deformable rock samples subjected to different loading paths. Hydrogeol J 27(7):2617–2635
Zhao YL, Luo SL, Wang YX, Wang WJ, Zhang LY, Wan W (2017) Numerical analysis of karst water inrush and a criterion for establishing the width of water-resistant rock pillars. Mine Water Environ 36:508–519
Zhou Y (2015) Study on water inrush mechanism and early warning of filled piping-type disaster and its engineering applications in tunnels (Ph.D. Thesis). Shandong University, China. (In Chinese)
Zhou Y, Li SC, Li LP, Shi SS, Zhang QQ, Chen DY, Song SG (2015) 3D fluid-solid coupled model test on water-inrush in tunnel due to seepage from filled karst conduit. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 34(9):1739–1749 (In Chinese)
Zhou QL, Herrera J, Hidalgo A (2018) The numerical analysis of fault-induced mine water inrush using the extended finite element method and fracture mechanics. Mine Water Environ 37:185–195
Zhu B, Wu Q, Yang JW, Cui T (2014) Study of pore pressure change during mining and its application on water inrush prevention: a numerical simulation case in Zhaogezhuang coalmine, China. Environ Earth Sci 71:2115–2132
Funding
This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51734009 and No. 51904290), National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFC0603001), and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20180663).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Zeynal Abiddin Erguler
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Meng, Y., Jing, H., Yin, Q. et al. Experimental study on seepage characteristics and water inrush of filled karst structure in tunnel. Arab J Geosci 13, 450 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05474-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05474-9