Abstract
Birbhum district in West Bengal, India, is one of the most severely affected districts by fluoride-contaminated groundwater. Fluoride content as high as 20.4 mg/L has been reported. Several cases of fluoride-related disorder such as dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis have been reported to be endemic in the district. Proper management of groundwater is very crucial. This contribution has been carried out for delineating potential fluoride-contaminated zones (PFCZ) in Birbhum district with the implementation of weighted overlay analysis in GIS environment. Twelve different potentially influential environmental parameters are integrated and evaluated. The final output map was categorised into two subclasses, i.e. ‘low’ and ‘high’, where the low region represents fluoride concentration of 1.5 mg/L and below and the high region represents fluoride concentration above 1.5 mg/L. The outcome reveals that approximately 24.35% of the study area falls under PFCZ, whereas about 75.65% of the study area falls under the safe zone with respect to potential fluoride contamination. On validation of the PFCZ, the reported fluoride contamination data in groundwater shows an overall 87.50% accuracy in prediction via superimposition method and 89.06 and 85.85% success and prediction rates, respectively, when validated with success and prediction rates.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Survey of India, Geological Survey of India, and Central Groundwater Board for their kind assistance in data collection.
Funding
The authors wish to extend their gratitude to DST (project no. SB/ES-687/2013 dated 11.11.2014), India, for providing the financial support for this research and also acknowledge DST, Govt. of India, for providing financial support to set up a sophisticated laboratory in the Department of Environmental Science under the FIST programme.
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Thapa, R., Gupta, S. & Kaur, H. Delineation of potential fluoride contamination zones in Birbhum, West Bengal, India, using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Arab J Geosci 10, 527 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3328-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3328-y