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De relatie tussen gehechtheid en depressie bij kinderen en adolescenten: een multilevel meta-analyse

The relationship between attachment and depression in children and adolescents: a multilevel meta-analysis

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Kind en adolescent

Samenvatting

Inleiding

Uit eerder onderzoek blijkt dat gehechtheid een belangrijke rol speelt bij psychopathologie, maar dit is nog niet op meta-analytische wijze getoetst voor depressie. Daarom hebben we de samenhang tussen gehechtheid en depressie bij kinderen en adolescenten onderzocht door middel van een meta-analyse.

Methode

In totaal zijn 643 effectgroottes uit 123 onafhankelijke steekproeven geïncludeerd in de multilevel meta-analyse.

Resultaten

Er werd een significante, middelgrote effectgrootte (r = 0,31) gevonden voor de globale relatie tussen gehechtheid en depressie, wat betekent dat gehechtheid geassocieerd is met depressie. Daarnaast blijkt dit verband significant te zijn in zowel cross-sectionele (r = 0,36) als in longitudinale studies (r = 0,20). Multivariate analyse van de significante moderatoren die invloed hadden op de sterkte van het verband tussen gehechtheid en depressie liet zien dat het land van de studie, het studiedesign, het geslacht, het type gehechtheid en het type instrument om gehechtheid vast te stellen een unieke bijdrage leverden aan het verklaren van variantie.

Discussie

Deze meta-analyse laat zien dat onveilige gehechtheid samengaat met depressie en dat onveilige gehechtheid een risicofactor is voor depressie bij kinderen en adolescenten. Bij de behandeling van depressie bij kinderen en adolescenten moet er daarom aandacht zijn voor gehechtheid.

Abstract

Objective

Previous studies showed a clear role for attachment in psychopathology, but this had not yet been tested in a meta-analysis for the depression outcome. We therefore used a meta-analysis to examine the associations between attachment security (or insecurity) and depression in children and adolescents.

Method

In total, 643 effect sizes were extracted from 123 independent samples and included in the multilevel meta-analysis.

Results

A significant moderate overall effect size was found (r = 0.31), indicating that attachment is associated with depression. This association was significant in cross-sectional (r = 0.36) and longitudinal (r = 0.20) studies. Multivariate analysis of the significant moderators that impacted on the strength of the association between attachment security (or insecurity) and depression showed that the country of the study, study design, gender, type of attachment and type of instrument used to assess attachment contributed to the explanation of variance.

Discussion

This study shows that insecure attachment co-occurs with depression and that attachment insecurity is a risk factor for depression in children and adolescents. When treating depression in children and adolescents, attachment should therefore be addressed.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Basic Trust, Dordrecht, Nederland

    Anouk Spruit &  Geert Jan Stams

  2. Forensische Orthopedagogiek, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, Postbus 15776, 1001 NG, Amsterdam, Nederland

    Anouk Spruit

  3. Stichting Philadelphia Zorg, Amersfoort, Nederland

    Linda Goos MSc

  4. Kristal, Gouda, Nederland

    Nikki Weenink MSc

  5. Programmagroep Orthopedagogiek, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Nederland

    Roos Rodenburg &  Cristina Colonnesi

  6. SEIN, Heemstede, Nederland

    Roos Rodenburg

  7. afdeling Psychologie, Vrije Universiteit Berlijn, Berlijn, Duitsland

    Helen Niemeyer

Authors
  1. Anouk Spruit
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  2. Linda Goos MSc
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  3. Nikki Weenink MSc
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  4. Roos Rodenburg
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  5. Helen Niemeyer
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  6. Geert Jan Stams
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  7. Cristina Colonnesi
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Correspondence to Anouk Spruit.

Additional information

Dit artikel is een Nederlandstalige bewerking van de volgende publicatie: Spruit, A., Goos, L., Weenink, N., Rodenburg, H.R., Niemeyer, H., Stams, G.J.J.M., & Colonnesi, C. (2019). The relation between attachment and depression in children and adolescents: a multilevel meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-019-00299-9. Link naar originele publicatie: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10567-019-00299-9

Appendices

Bijlage A



Fig. A.1
figure 1

Flowchart van de zoektocht

Full size image

Bijlage B

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Bijlage C

Tabel C.1 Kenmerken van geïncludeerde studies
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Spruit, A., Goos, L., Weenink, N. et al. De relatie tussen gehechtheid en depressie bij kinderen en adolescenten: een multilevel meta-analyse. Kind Adolesc 41, 263–312 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12453-020-00241-9

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