Abstract
Composition and structure of endosperm starch are major determinant factors for rice quality. Glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPC) is a kind of sphingolipid and it accounts for ~ 25% of total plasma membrane lipids in plants. The relationship between synthesis of GIPC and development of endosperm starch, however, remains unclear. We here identified a mutant with a floury and opaque endosperm, named floury and shrunken endosperm 6 (fse6). The mutant seeds displayed a shrunken grain appearance. Physicochemical analysis showed that both total starch and amylose contents were decreased, while lipid and protein contents were increased in the mature mutant seeds, compared to their counterparts in the wild type. Further observation of semi-thin sections indicated the development of mutant amyloplasts was defective. The mutant seeds germinated normally but failed to survive in a later stage of seedling growth. Map-based cloning and genetic complementation revealed that FSE6 encodes a glycosyltransferase and is homologous to Arabidopsis GLUCOSAMINE INOSITOLPHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE TRANSFERASE1 (GINT1), an enzyme vital for GIPC synthesis. We further found that cellulose content and starch biosynthesis in the mutant were altered. This study connects a gap between a rice GINT1 and starch synthesis, which will be helpful for rice quality improvement.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production. This research was supported by the National Transformation Science and Technology Program (2016ZX08001006), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100500), Jiangsu Science and Technology Development Program (BE2018388), and Jiangsu Province Agriculture Independent Innovation Fund Project (SCX(19)1079). This work was also supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (KYTZ201601) and the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX20_0578).
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HY and LLL performed phenotypic analysis, gene mapping, gene cloning, data analysis and wrote the manuscript; KW performed phenotype analysis and gene mapping; JL, SJL, XL and YLT determined the physical and chemical properties of rice grains; RBC and XLC measured the cellulose and hydrogen peroxide content of rice seedlings; YLW, ECD and XHB performed the subcellular localization and western blot analysis; YJ and YZ performed RT-qPCR; YHW and LLL revised the manuscript; JMW and YHW designed the experiments and revised the manuscript. All the authors agreed on the contents of the paper and post no conflicting interest.
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Yang, H., Liu, L., Wu, K. et al. FLOURY AND SHRUNKEN ENDOSPERM6 Encodes a Glycosyltransferase and is Essential for the Development of Rice Endosperm. J. Plant Biol. 65, 187–198 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-020-09293-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-020-09293-z