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An unmet clinical need: The history of thrombus imaging

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology Aims and scope

Abstract

Robust thrombus imaging is an unresolved clinical unmet need dating back to the mid 1970s. While early molecular imaging approaches began with nuclear SPECT imaging, contrast agents for virtually all biomedical imaging modalities have been demonstrated in vivo with unique strengths and common weaknesses. Two primary molecular imaging targets have been pursued for thrombus imaging: platelets and fibrin. Some common issues noted over 40 years ago persist today. Acute thrombus is readily imaged with all probes and modalities, but aged thrombus remains a challenge. Similarly, anti-coagulation continues to interfere with and often negate thrombus imaging efficacy, but heparin is clinically required in patients suspected of pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis or coronary ruptured plaque prior to confirmatory diagnostic studies have been executed and interpreted. These fundamental issues can be overcome, but an innovative departure from the prior approaches will be needed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA

    Gregory M. Lanza MD, PhD, Grace Cui MS, Anne H. Schmieder MS, Huiying Zhang MD, John S. Allen BS, Michael J. Scott BS, Todd Williams RT(R) MR & Xiaoxia Yang BS

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  1. Gregory M. Lanza MD, PhD
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  2. Grace Cui MS
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  3. Anne H. Schmieder MS
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Correspondence to Gregory M. Lanza MD, PhD.

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This review was supported in whole or part by Grants from the CA199092 (G.M.L.) CA154737 (G.M.L.), HL122471 (G.M.L.), HL112518 (G.M.L.), HL113392 (G.M.L.), HHSN26820140042C (G.M.L.), and HL112518 (G.M.L.)

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Lanza, G.M., Cui, G., Schmieder, A.H. et al. An unmet clinical need: The history of thrombus imaging. J. Nucl. Cardiol. 26, 986–997 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-017-0942-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-017-0942-8

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