Skip to main content
Log in

The Meaning(s) of Information, Code … and Meaning

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Biosemiotics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Meaning is a central concept of (bio)semiotics. At the same time, it is also a word of everyday language. Here, on the example of the world information, we discuss the “reduction-inflation model” of evolution of a common word into a scientific concept, to return subsequently into everyday circulation with new connotations. Such may be, in the near future, also the fate of the word meaning if, flexed through objectified semantics, will become considered an objective concept usable in semiotics. We argue that reducing meaning to a technical term essentially synonymous to code and stripped of most of the original semantic field is not a necessary prerequisite for a meaningful application of the concept in semiotics and in biology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. But grammar may sometimes help with such a spelling: not all sequences will give sense.

  2. Actually, Deely is very close to similar characteristic of things in Heidegger (e.g. 1971; see also Markoš and Faltýnek 2011.)

  3. Surprisingly, not only biological sciences succumbed to the reduced version of information: the same process took place in linguistics, too. By language metaphor, then, we do not mean making analogies with formal languages that are subject to scientific study (Markoš and Faltýnek 2011).

  4. You will also be accused of laziness, because instead of hard work in the lab you kill your time by “philosophizing”. But this is not the point we want to touch.

References

  • Barbieri, M. (2003). The organic codes. An introduction semantic biology. Cambridge University Press.

  • Barbieri, M. (2008a). Biosemiotics: a new understanding of life. Naturwissenschaften, 95, 577–599.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barbieri, M. (2008b). The code model of semiosis: the first steps toward a scientific biosemiotics. American Journal of Semiotics, 24, 23–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbieri, M. (2011a). A mechanistic model of meaning. Biosemiotics, 4(1), 1–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barbieri, M. (2011b). Origin and evolution of the brain. Biosemiotics, 4(3), 369–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bateson, G. (1972 [1969]). Double bind. In Steps to an ecology of mind (pp. 271–278). New York: Ballantine Books.

  • Bergman, A., & Siegal, M. L. (2003). Evolutionary capacitance as a general feature of complex gene networks. Nature, 424, 549–552.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brier, S. (2003). The cybersemiotic model of communication: an evolutionary view on the threshold between semiosis and informational exchange. TripleC, 1, 71–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christley, S. Y., Lu, C., Li, C., & Xie, X. (2008). Human genomes as email attachments. Bioinformatics, 25, 274–275.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crick, F. H. C. (1958). On protein synthesis. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, XII, 139–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Csete, M. E., & Doyle, J. C. (2002). Reverse engineering of biological complexity. Science, 295, 1664–1669.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cvrčková, F., Lipavská, H., & Žárský, V. (2009). Plant intelligence: why, why not, or where? Plant Signalling and Behavior, 4, 394–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deely, J. (2008). Descartes & Poinsot. The crossroads of signs and ideas. Scranton: University of Scranton Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deely, J. (2009a). Augustine & Poinsot. The protosemiotic development. Scranton: University of Scranton Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deely, J. (2009b). Pars pro toto from culture to nature: an overview of semiotics as a postmodern development, with an anticipation of development to come. American Journal of Biochemistry, 25, 167–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deely, J. (2010). Purely objective reality. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Driesch, H. (1905). Vitalismus als Geschichte und Lehre. Leipzig: Barth.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Heelan, P. A. (1998). The scope of hermeneutics in natural science. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 29, 273–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heidegger, M. (1971 [1950]). The thing. In Poetry, language, thought (pp. 161–184). S. Francisco: Harper.

  • Jantsch, E. (1979). The self-organizing universe. Pergamon.

  • Kauffman, S. A. (2000). Investigations. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimchi-Sarfaty, C., Oh, J. M., Kim, I.-W., Sauna, Z. E., Calcagno, A. M., Ambudkar, S. V., & Gottesman, M. M. (2007). A “silent” polymorphism in the MDR1gene changes substrate specificity. Science, 315, 525–528.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, fire, and dangerous things. What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago University Press.

  • Mackay, A. L. (2001). Character-building. Nature, 410, 19. Macroevolution. Springer, 3–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Markoš, A., (2002). Readers of the book of life. Conceptualizing evolutionary developmental biology. Oxford University Press.

  • Markoš, A. (2010). Biosemiotics and the collision of modernism with the postmodernity. Cognitio (Sao Paulo), 11, 69–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markoš, A., & Cvrčková, F. (2002). Back to the science of life. Sign System Studies, 30, 129–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markoš, A., & Faltýnek, D. (2011). Language metaphors of life. Biosemiotics, 4, 171–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markoš, A., Grygar, F., Hajnal, L., Kleisner, K., Kratochvíl, Z., & Neubauer, Z. (2009). Life as its own designer: Darwin’s origin and western thought. Springer.

  • Markoš, A., & Švorcová, J. (2009). Recorded versus organic memory. Biosemiotics, 2, 131–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reber, P. (2010). What is the memory capacity of the human brain? Scientific American Mind, May 2010.

  • Rutherford, S. L., & Lindquist, S. (1998). Hsp90 as a capacitor for morphological evolution. Nature, 396, 336–342.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruyer, R. (1974). La gnose de Princeton. [The Princeton gnosis]. Paris: Fayard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sangster, T. A., Lindquist, S., & Queitsch, C. (2004). Under cover: causes, effects and implications of Hsp90-mediated genetic capacitance. Bioessays, 26, 348–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shannon, C. E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27(379–423), 623–656.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon, C. E., Weaver, W. (1949). Mathematical theory of communication. Univ. Illinois Press.

  • Snow, C. P. (2003 [1957]). The two cultures. Cambridge University Press.

  • Taipale, M., Jarosz, D. F., & Lindquist, S. (2010). HSP90 at the hub of protein homeostasis: emerging mechanistic insights. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 11, 515–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trewavas, A. (2003). Aspects of plant intelligence. Annals of Botany, 92, 1–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trifonov, E. N. (2008). Codes of biosequences. In M. Barbieri (Ed.), The codes of life. The rules of macroevolution (pp. 3–14). Springer.

  • Wang, Y., Liu, D., & Wang, Y. (2003). Discovering the capacity of human memory. Brain and Mind, 4, 189–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the Czech Ministry of education (MSM0021620845 to AM and MSM0021620858 to FC).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anton Markoš.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Markoš, A., Cvrčková, F. The Meaning(s) of Information, Code … and Meaning . Biosemiotics 6, 61–75 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-012-9155-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-012-9155-3

Keywords

Navigation