Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a winter season grain legume and a rich source of the anti-parkinson drug, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). The biosynthesis of L-DOPA in plants is not uniform and remains largely unexplored. While the hydroxylase activities of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH), the Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) class of enzymes, and Polyphenol Oxidases (PPOs) on tyrosine substrate have been reported in plants, only the roles of PPOs in L-DOPA biosynthesis have been recently established in velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens). To understand the differential accumulation of L-DOPA in different tissues of faba bean, profiling of L-Tyrosine, L-DOPA, Tyramine, and Dopamine in different tissues was performed. Differential accumulation of L-DOPA depended on tissue type and maturity. Furthermore, dopamine biosynthesis through L-DOPA from L-Tyr was confirmed in faba bean. The expression analysis of PPOs in leaf and flower tissues revealed the selective induction of only four (HePPO-2, HePPO-7, HePPO-8b, and HePPO-10) out of ten genes encoding different PPOs mined from the faba bean genome. Higher accumulation of L-DOPA in young leaves and flower buds than in mature leaves and flowers was accompanied by significantly higher expression of HePPO-10 and HePPO-7, respectively. The role of various transcription factors contributing to such metabolite dynamics was also predicted. Further exploration of this mechanism using a multi-omics approach can provide meaningful insight and pave the way for enhancing L-DOPA content in crops.
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Acknowledgements
We sincerely acknowledge Dr. R.S. Pan, ICAR-Research Complex for the Eastern Region, Ranchi, for providing the seed materials and the Director, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, for providing the necessary financial and research support. SJ acknowledges the fellowship provided by the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute during this study.
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S.K.B. conceptualized the experiment. S.K.B. and S.K.S. designed the experimental setup. S.J., K.S., D.M.J and S.K. performed the field and laboratory experiments. R.S., S.K. and B.P. performed the bioinformatics analysis. S.J., R.S. and S.K.B. drafted the manuscript. S.K.L., B.P., B.S., S.N., and V.P.B. edited and reviewed the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Jena, S., Sanyal, R., Jawed, D.M. et al. Spatio-temporal expression of polyphenol oxidase unveils the dynamics of L-DOPA accumulation in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Physiol Mol Biol Plants (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-024-01449-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-024-01449-2