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Meta-QTLs, ortho-MetaQTLs and candidate genes for grain Fe and Zn contents in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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Abstract

Majority of cereals are deficient in essential micronutrients including grain iron (GFe) and grain zinc (GZn), which are therefore the subject of research involving biofortification. In the present study, 11 meta-QTLs (MQTLs) including nine novel MQTLs for GFe and GZn contents were identified in wheat. Eight of these 11 MQTLs controlled both GFe and GZn. The confidence intervals of the MQTLs were narrower (0.51–15.75 cM) relative to those of the corresponding QTLs (0.6 to 55.1 cM). Two ortho-MQTLs involving three cereals (wheat, rice and maize) were also identified. Results of MQTLs were also compared with the results of earlier genome wide association studies (GWAS). As many as 101 candidate genes (CGs) underlying MQTLs were also identified. Twelve of these CGs were prioritized; these CGs encoded proteins with important domains (zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD type, flavin adenine dinucleotide linked oxidase, etc.) that are involved in metal ion binding, heme binding, iron binding, etc. qRT-PCR analysis was conducted for four of these 12 prioritized CGs using genotypes which have differed for GFe and GZn. Significant differential expression in these genotypes was observed at 14 and 28 days after anthesis. The MQTLs/CGs identified in the present study may be utilized in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for improvement of GFe/GZn contents and also for understanding the molecular basis of GFe/GZn homeostasis in wheat.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt of India for providing funds in the form of a research project (BT/NABI-Flagship/2018) and a DBT-RA position to RB (DBT/2020/July/189 (Batch 37) ). Thanks, are also due to Indian National Science Academy (INSA), New Delhi for the award of positions of INSA-Senior Scientist and INSA Honorary Scientist to HSB. The authors are thankful to Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut for providing laboratory and field facilities.

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  1. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, 250 004, Meerut, U.P, India

    Rakhi Singh, Gautam Saripalli, Tinku Gautam, Anuj Kumar, Irfat Jan, Ritu Batra, Rahul Kumar, Harindra Singh Balyan, Shailendra Sharma & Pushpendra Kumar Gupta

  2. Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland College Park, MD-20742, College Park, MD, United States

    Gautam Saripalli

  3. Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, 140306, Mohali, Punjab, India

    Jitendra Kumar

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Contributions

PKG, HSB, SS, and RK conceived and designed the experiment. RS prepared the first draft of the MS with the help of GS. AK, IJ, RB; JK helped in the collection of literature. TG helped in qRT-PCR analysis. PKG, HSB and SS finalized the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shailendra Sharma or Pushpendra Kumar Gupta.

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Supplementary Information 1

Online Resource 1 Summary of 151 original QTLs that were used for conducting meta-QTL analysis.

Online Resource 2 Ortho-MQTLs and underlying orthologous genes along with their functional descriptions.

Online Resource 3 List of 12 candidate genes selected on the basis of gene ontology.

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Singh, R., Saripalli, G., Gautam, T. et al. Meta-QTLs, ortho-MetaQTLs and candidate genes for grain Fe and Zn contents in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Physiol Mol Biol Plants 28, 637–650 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-022-01149-9

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