Borgerson, S. (2008). Arctic meltdown: The economic and security implications of global warming. Foreign Affairs,
87(2), 63–77.
Google Scholar
Byers, M. (2013). International law and the Arctic. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Book
Google Scholar
Byers, M. (2014). The North Pole is a distraction. The Globe and Mail, 20 August. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/the-north-pole-is-a-distraction/article20126915/. Accessed 13 September 2017.
Byers, M., & Østhagen, A. (2017). Why does Canada have so many unresolved maritime boundary disputes? Canadian Yearbook of International Law, 11 August.
Claes, D. H., & Moe, A. (2014). Arctic petroleum resources in a regional and global perspective. In R. Tamnes & K. Offerdal (eds.), Geopolitics and security in the Arctic: Regional dynamics in a global world (pp. 97–120). London: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Conley, H. A., & Rohloff, C. (2015). The new Ice Curtain. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS).
Google Scholar
Dougherty, J. E. (2015). The next region where the US and Russia could clash is the Arctic. National Security News, 9 October. http://www.nationalsecurity.news/2015-10-09-the-next-region-where-the-u-s-and-russia-could-clash-is-the-arctic.html. Accessed 13 September 2017.
European Commission. (2008). The European Union and the Arctic region. Communication, COM (2008), 763 final, 20 November. http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/arctic_region/docs/com_08_763_en.pdf. Accessed 27 September 2017.
European Commission. (2012). Developing a European Union policy towards the Arctic region: Progress since 2008. Joint communication, JOIN (2012), 19 final, 26 June. http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/arctic_region/docs/join_2012_19.pdf. Accessed 12 August 2016.
European Commission. (2016). An integrated European Union policy for the Arctic. Joint communication, JOIN (2016), 21 final, 27 April. http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/arctic_region/docs/160427_joint-communication-an-integrated-european-union-policy-for-the-arctic_en.pdf. Accessed 18 October 2017.
European Parliament. (2008). Resolution of 9 October 2008 on Arctic governance. P6_TA(2008)0474. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&language=EN&reference=P6-TA-2008-474. Accessed 15 September 2017.
European Parliament. (2011). European Parliament resolution of 20 January 2011 on a sustainable EU policy for the High North. 2009/2214(INI). http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+TA+P7-TA-2011-0024+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN. Accessed 15 September 2017.
European Union. (2016). Shared vision, common action: A stronger Europe—A global strategy for the European Union’s foreign and security policy. https://europa.eu/globalstrategy/sites/globalstrategy/files/regions/files/eugs_review_web_0.pdf. Accessed 13 September 2017.
Expert Commission (2015). Unified effort. Oslo: Norwegian Ministry of Defence.
Google Scholar
Gjørv, G. H., & Goloviznina, M. (2014). Introduction: Can we broaden our understanding of security in the Arctic? In G. H. Gjørv et al. (eds.), Environmental and human security in the Arctic (pp. 1–14). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Greaves, W., & Lackenbauer, W. P. (2016). Re-thinking sovereignty and security in the Arctic. OpenCanada, 23 March.
Grindheim, A. (2009). The scramble for the Arctic? A discourse analysis of Norway and the EU’s strategies towards the European Arctic. Oslo: Fridtjof Nansen Institute. https://www.fni.no/getfile.php/131933/Filer/Publikasjoner/FNI-R0909.pdf. Accessed 29 September 2017.
Harsem, Ø., Eide, A., & Heen, K. (2011). Factors influencing future oil and gas prospects in the Arctic. Energy Policy,
39(12), 8037–45.
Article
Google Scholar
Heininen, L. (2012). Arctic strategies and policies: Inventory and comparative study. Northern Research Forum, April, 1–97.
Hilde, P. S. (2014). Armed forces and security challenges in the Arctic. In R. Tamnes & K. Offerdal (eds.), Geopolitics and security in the Arctic: Regional dynamics in a global world (pp. 147–65). London: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Ho, J. H. (2011). The Arctic meltdown and its implication for ports and shipping in Asia. In J. Kraska (ed.), Arctic security in an age of climate change (pp. 33–43). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Hobér, K. (2011). Territorial disputes and natural resources: The melting of the ice and Arctic dispute. Oil & Gas Journal,
109(6), 54–60.
Google Scholar
Hoel, A. H. (2014). The legal-political regime in the Arctic. In R. Tamnes & K. Offerdal (eds.), Geopolitics and security in the Arctic: Regional dynamics in a global world (pp. 49–72). New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Huebert, R. (2013). Submarines, oil tankers and icebreakers. International Journal 66(4), 809–24. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23104394. Accessed 13 September 2017.
Jakobson, L. (2010). China prepares for an ice-free Arctic. SIPRI Insight on Peace and Security 2010/2, March, 1–16. https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/insight/SIPRIInsight1002.pdf. Accessed 13 September 2017.
Keil, K. (2014). The Arctic: A new region of conflict? The case of oil and gas. Cooperation and Conflict,
49(2), 162–90.
Article
Google Scholar
Keil, K., & Raspotnik, A. (2014). The European Union’s gateways to the Arctic. European Foreign Affairs Review,
19(1), 101–20.
Google Scholar
Lackenbauer, W. P. (2011). From polar race to polar saga: An integrated strategy for Canada and the circumpolar world. In F. Griffiths, R. Huebert, & W. P. Lackenbauer (eds.), Canada and the changing Arctic: Sovereignty, security and stewardship (pp. 69–180). Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
Google Scholar
Łuszczuk, M., Justus, D., Thomas, J., Klok, T. C., & Gerber, F. (2014). Developing oil and gas resources in Arctic Waters. In A. Stępień, T. Koivurova, P. Kankaanpää (eds.), Strategic assessment of development of the Arctic: Assessment conducted for the European Union (pp. 71–85). Arctic Centre, University of Lapland.
Mathiesen, K. (2015). Can shell afford Arctic oil? The Guardian, 12 August. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/aug/12/can-shell-afford-to-drill-for-oil-in-the-arctic. Accessed 13 September 2017.
Offerdal, K. (2011). The EU in the Arctic: In pursuit of legitimacy and influence. International Journal,
66(4), 861–77.
Article
Google Scholar
Osborn, A. (2017). Putin’s Russia in biggest Arctic military push since Soviet fall. Reuters, 30 January. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-arctic-insight/putins-russia-in-biggest-arctic-military-push-since-soviet-fall-idUSKBN15E0W0. Accessed 13 September 2017.
Østhagen, A. (2013). Arctic oil and gas: The role of regions. IFS Insight, September. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies (IFS), 1–21.
Østhagen, A. (2016). High North, low politics: Maritime cooperation with Russia in the Arctic. Arctic Review,
7(1), 83–100.
Google Scholar
Østhagen, A., & Raspotnik, A. (2015). The EU’s Arctic policy: Eventually getting somewhere? The Arctic Institute, 22 April. http://www.thearcticinstitute.org/eu-arctic-policy-getting-somewhere/. Accessed 13 September 2017.
Østhagen, A., & Raspotnik, A. (2016). Partners or rivals? North Norway and the European Union in the Arctic. North Norway European Office report. Brussels.
Østreng, W. (1999). Strategic, legal and political implications of international shipping on the NSR. In C. L. Ragner (ed.), The 21st century: Turning point for the northern sea route? (pp. 71–87). Oslo: Kluwer.
Google Scholar
Raspotnik, A., & Østhagen, A. (2014). To Svalbard and beyond: The European Parliament is back on its Arctic track. The Arctic Institute, 17 March. https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/to-svalbard-and-beyond-european/. Accessed 22 September 2017.
Sale, R., & Potapov, E. (2010). The scramble for the Arctic: Ownership, exploitation and conflict in the Far North. London: Frances Lincoln.
Google Scholar
Solana, J., & Ferrero-Waldner, B. (2008). Climate change and international security: Paper from the High Representative and the European Commission to the European Council. S113/08, 14 March. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/reports/99387.pdf. Accessed 13 September 2017.
Stępień, A., & Raspotnik, A. (2015). Exploring reasons & remedies for the EU’s incapability to devise an ‘Arctic policy’: The quest for coherence. In L. Heininen, H. Exner-Pirot, & J. Plouffe (eds.), The Arctic yearbook 2015 (pp. 432–6). Akureyri: Northern Research Forum.
Google Scholar
Tamnes, R., & Offerdal, K. (2014a). Conclusion. In R. Tamnes & K. Offerdal (eds.), Geopolitics and security in the Arctic: Regional dynamics in a global world (pp. 166–77). Abingdon: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Tamnes, R., & Offerdal, K. (2014b). Introduction. In R. Tamnes & K. Offerdal (eds.), Geopolitics and security in the Arctic: Regional dynamics in a global world (pp. 1–11). Abingdon: Routledge.
Google Scholar
USGS. (2008). Circum-Arctic resource appraisal: Estimates of undiscovered oil and gas north of the Arctic Circle. Washington, DC. http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3049/fs2008-3049.pdf. Accessed 13 September 2017.
Young, O. R. (2010). Arctic governance: Pathways to the future. Arctic Review on Law and Politics,
1(2), 164–85.
Google Scholar