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Nano-imaging agents for brain diseases: Environmentally responsive imaging and therapy

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Abstract

Precise imaging is essential for the accurate diagnosis and surgical guidance of brain diseases but it is challenging due to the difficulties in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the difficulties in disease lesion targeting, and the limited contrast in the brain environment. Nano-imaging agents were characterized by functionalized modifications, high contrast, small size, and high biocompatibility, thus providing advantages in BBB crossing, brain targeting, imaging resolution, and real-time monitoring, holding great potential in brain disease imaging. Specific characteristics in brain environment and brain diseases (e.g., marker proteins on the BBB, the pathogenic proteins in the neurodegenerative diseases or brain tumors, and the tumor and inflammatory microenvironment) provide opportunities for the functionalized nano-imaging agents to improve BBB crossing and disease targeting. Moreover, the versatile nano-imaging agents are endowed with therapeutic agents to facilitate the theranostics of brain diseases. Here, we summarized the common materials and imaging techniques of nano-imaging agents and their imaging treatment applications. We discussed their BBB penetration, environmental response for disease targeting, and therapeutic effects. We also provided insights on the advantages, challenges, and application of nano-imaging agents in detecting and treating brain diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. These discussions will help develop nano-imaging agents-based theranostic platforms for the precise diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2021YFA1201504), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science (No. XDB36000000), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31971295, 21721002, and 81870927).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China

    Fuming Liang, Qing You, Huayi Wang, Chen Wang, Yanlian Yang & Ling Zhu

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China

    Fuming Liang & Zhaohui He

  3. National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Qing You, Huayi Wang, Chen Wang, Yanlian Yang & Ling Zhu

  4. Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China

    Xiaopeng Ma

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  1. Fuming Liang
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  2. Qing You
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  3. Xiaopeng Ma
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  5. Chen Wang
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  6. Zhaohui He
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  7. Yanlian Yang
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  8. Ling Zhu
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Correspondence to Zhaohui He, Yanlian Yang or Ling Zhu.

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Liang, F., You, Q., Ma, X. et al. Nano-imaging agents for brain diseases: Environmentally responsive imaging and therapy. Nano Res. 16, 13134–13163 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6149-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6149-1

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