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High performance Zn-I2 battery with acetonitrile electrolyte working at low temperature

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Abstract

Large scale applications of metal-iodine batteries working at sub-zero degree have been challenged by the limited capacity and performance degradation. Herein, we firstly propose a Zn-I2 battery working at low temperature with a carbon composite material/iodine (CCM-I2) cathode, a Zn anode and an environmentally tolerable Zn(ClO4)2-ACN electrolyte. The CCM framework with hierarchical porous structure endows a powerful iodine-anchoring to overcome undesirable dissolution of iodine in organic electrolyte, and the Zn(ClO4)2-ACN electrolyte with low freezing point and high ionic conductivity enhances the low temperature performance. The synergies enable an efficiently reversible conversion of Zn-I2 battery even at −40 °C. Therefore, the resultant Zn-I2 battery delivers a high specific capacity of 200 mAh·g−1, which is fairly approximate to the theoretical capacity of l2 (211 mAh·g−1) and a superior cycling stability with minimal capacity fading of 0.00043% per cycle over 7,000 times under 2C at −20 °C. Furthermore, even at −40 °C, this Zn-I2 battery still exhibits a good capacity retention of 68.7% compared to the capacity at 25 °C and a rapid capacity-recover ability with elevating temperature change. Our results distinctly indicate this Zn-I2 battery can be competent for the practical application under low temperature operation.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFA0700104), the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20JCZDJC00280), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1804255).

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  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials & Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, No. 391 Binshuixi Road, Tianjin, 300384, China

    Chunlai Song, Zongshuai Gong, Chong Bai, Fengshi Cai, Zhihao Yuan & Xizheng Liu

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  1. Chunlai Song
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Correspondence to Zhihao Yuan or Xizheng Liu.

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Song, C., Gong, Z., Bai, C. et al. High performance Zn-I2 battery with acetonitrile electrolyte working at low temperature. Nano Res. 15, 3170–3177 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3884-z

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