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Surface depletion field in 2D perovskite microplates: Structural phase transition, quantum confinement and Stark effect

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Abstract

Surface depletion field would introduce the depletion region near surface and thus could significantly alter the optical, electronic and optoelectronic properties of the materials, especially low-dimensional materials. Two-dimensional (2D) organic—inorganic hybrid perovskites with van der Waals bonds in the out-of-plane direction are expected to have less influence from the surface depletion field; nevertheless, studies on this remain elusive. Here we report on how the surface depletion field affects the structural phase transition, quantum confinement and Stark effect in 2D (BA)2PbI4 perovskite microplates by the thickness-, temperature- and power-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Power dependent PL studies suggest that high-temperature phase (HTP) and low-temperature phase (LTP) can coexist in a wider temperature range depending on the thickness of the 2D perovskite microplates. With the decrease of the microplate thickness, the structural phase transition temperature first gradually decreases and then increases below 25 nm, in striking contrast to the conventional size dependent structural phase transition. Based on the thickness evolution of the emission peaks for both high-temperature phase and low-temperature phase, the anomalous size dependent phase transition could probably be ascribed to the surface depletion field and the surface energy difference between polymorphs. This explanation was further supported by the temperature dependent PL studies of the suspended microplates and encapsulated microplates with graphene and boron nitride flakes. Along with the thickness dependent phase transition, the emission energies of free excitons for both HTP and LTP with thickness can be ascribed to the surface depletion induced confinement and Stark effect.

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Acknowledgements

D. H. L. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61674060), Innovation Fund of WNLO and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, HUST (Nos. 2017KFYXJJ030, 2017KFXKJC003, 2017KFXKJC002, and 2018KFYXKJC016); H. M. L. is grateful for support from New Mexico EPSCoR with NSF-1301346. We thank Testing Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology for the support in inductively coupled plasma etching.

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  1. School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Wancai Li, Chen Fang, Shuai Wang, Junze Li, Jiaqi Ma, Jun Wang & Dehui Li

  2. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA

    Haizhen Wang & Hongmei Luo

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  1. Wancai Li
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Li, W., Fang, C., Wang, H. et al. Surface depletion field in 2D perovskite microplates: Structural phase transition, quantum confinement and Stark effect. Nano Res. 12, 2858–2865 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2524-3

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