Abstract
Capacitively coupled shortwave radiofrequency fields (13.56 MHz) resistively heat low concentrations (∼1 ppm) of gold nanoparticles with a thermal power dissipation of ∼380 kW/g of gold. Smaller diameter gold nanoparticles (< 50 nm) heat at nearly twice the rate of larger diameter gold nanoparticles (≥50 nm), which is attributed to the higher resistivity of smaller gold nanostructures. A Joule heating model has been developed to explain this phenomenon and provides critical insights into the rational design and engineering of nanoscale materials for noninvasive thermal therapy of cancer.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Hirsch, L. R.; Stafford, R. J.; Bankson, J. A.; Sershen, S. R.; Rivera, B.; Price, R. E.; Hazle, J. D.; Halas, N. J.; West, J. L. Nanoshell-mediated near infrared thermal therapy of tumors under magnetic resonance guidance. P. Natl. Aacd. Sci. USA 2003, 100, 13549–13554.
Gobin, A. M.; Lee, M. H.; Halas, N. J.; James, W. D.; Drezek, R. A.; West, J. L. Near infrared resonant nanoshells for combined optical imaging and photothermal cancer therapy. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 1929–1934.
Hergt, R.; Hiergeist, R.; Hilger, I.; Kaiser, W. A.; Lapatnikov, Y.; Margel, S.; Richter, U. Maghemite nanoparticles with very high AC-losses for application in RF-magnetic hyperthermia. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2004, 270, 345–357.
Arnfield, M. R.; Mathew, R. P.; Tulip, J.; McPhee, M. S. Analysis of tissue optical coefficients using an approximate equation valid for comparable absorption and scattering. Phys. Med. Biol. 1992, 37, 1219–1230.
Kalambur, V. S.; Longmire, E. K.; Bischof, J. C. Cellular level loading and heating of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Langmuir 2005, 23, 12329–12336.
Curley, S. A.; Cherukuri, P.; Briggs, K.; Patra, C. R.; Upton, M.; Dolson, E.; Mukherjee, P. Noninvasive radiofrequency field induced hyperthermic cytotoxicity in human cancer cells using cetuximab-targeted gold nanoparticles. J. Exp. Ther. Oncol. 2008, 7, 313–326.
Gannon, C. J.; Patra, C. R; Bhattacharya, R., Mukerjee, P.; Curley, S. A. Intracellular gold nanoparticles enhance non-invasive radiofrequency thermal destruction of human gastrointestinal cancer cells. J. Nanobiotechnol. 2008, 6, 2.
Gannon, C. J.; Cherukuri, P.; Yakobson, B. I.; Cognet, L.; Kanzius, J. S.; Kittrell, C.; Weisman, R. B.; Pasquali, M.; Schmidt, H. K.; Smalley, R. E.; Curley, S. A. Carbon nanotube-enhanced thermal destruction of cancer cells in a noninvasive radiofrequency field. Cancer 2007, 110, 2654–2665.
Kanzius, J. S. U.S. Patent Pub. Nos. US 2006/0190063 A1, US2005/02511233 A1, US2005/0251234 A1, and World Intellectual Property Organization WO 2007/027614
Wiley, B. J.; Wang, Z.; Wei, J.; Yin, Y.; Cobden, D. H.; Xia, Y. Synthesis and electrical characterization of silver nanobeams. Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 2273–2278.
Link, S.; El-Sayed, M. A. Spectral properties and relaxation dynamics of surface plasmon electronic oscillations in gold and silver nanodots and nanorods. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 8410–8426.
Link, S.; Burda, C.; Wang, Z. L; El-Sayed, M. A. Electron dynamics in gold and gold-silver nanoparticles: The influence of a non-equilibrium electron distribution and the size dependence of the electron-phonon relaxation. J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 111, 1255–1264.
Kreibig, U. Electronic properties of small silver particles: The optical constants and their temperature dependence. J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 1974, 4, 999–1014.
Kittel, C. Introduction to Solid State Physics; J. Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, 2005.
Johnson, P. B.; Christy, R. W. Optical constants of the noble metals. Phys. Rev. B. 1972, 6, 4370–4379.
Metaxas, A. C. Foundations of Electroheat: A Unified Approach; J. Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, 1996.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
These two authors made an equal contribution to the work.
Electronic supplementary material
Rights and permissions
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0 ), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Moran, C.H., Wainerdi, S.M., Cherukuri, T.K. et al. Size-dependent joule heating of gold nanoparticles using capacitively coupled radiofrequency fields. Nano Res. 2, 400–405 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-009-9048-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-009-9048-1