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A New Perspective for Parkinson’s Disease: Circadian Rhythm

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Abstract

Circadian rhythm is manifested by the behavioral and physiological changes from day to night, which is controlled by the pacemaker and its regulator. The former is located at the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the anterior hypothalamus, while the latter is composed of clock genes present in all tissues. Circadian desynchronization influences normal patterns of day-night rhythms such as sleep and alertness cycles, rest and activity cycles. Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibits diurnal fluctuations. Circadian dysfunction has been observed in PD patients and animal models, which may result in negative consequences to the homeostasis and even exacerbate the disease progression. Therefore, circadian therapies, including light stimulation, physical activity, dietary and social schedules, may be helpful for PD patients. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the circadian dysfunction in PD remain elusive. Further research on circadian patterns is needed. This article summarizes the existing research on the circadian rhythms in PD, focusing on the clinical symptom variations, molecular changes, as well as the available treatment options.

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Acknowledgements

This review was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81471299), Jiangsu Provincial Special Program of Medical Science (BL2014042), Suzhou Clinical Key Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Foundation (LCZX201304), the Plans for Graduate Research and Innovation in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province, China (KYZZ15_0334) and Suzhou Medical Key Discipline Project, the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (PAPD) and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease (Szzx201503).

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    1. Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China

      Siyue Li, Yali Wang & Chun-Feng Liu

    2. Institutes of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China

      Siyue Li, Yali Wang, Fen Wang, Li-Fang Hu & Chun-Feng Liu

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    1. Siyue Li
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    2. Yali Wang
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    3. Fen Wang
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    Correspondence to Chun-Feng Liu.

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    Siyue Li and Yali Wang contributed equally to this review.

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    Li, S., Wang, Y., Wang, F. et al. A New Perspective for Parkinson’s Disease: Circadian Rhythm. Neurosci. Bull. 33, 62–72 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-016-0089-7

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