Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a disorder characterized by acute necro-inflammatory changes of the pancreas and histologically marked by acinar cell destruction. It is one of the most common causes of hospitalization due to abdominal pain. Several classification systems have been proposed to assess the severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis. Scores such as the Ranson and bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) are useful for evaluating the severity and mortality of the disease. The revised Atlanta classification mainly focuses on the morphologic criteria for defining the various manifestations of acute pancreatitis outlined principally by means of CT and MRI. A case-series analysis study was conducted under the Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Jammu, including 57 patients who presented with acute pancreatitis. The BISAP scores, along with Ranson scores and modified CT severity index scores (mCTSI), were calculated and compared using a preformed performa. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of the BISAP and Ranson’s scoring systems were evaluated in patients who received CT scans, with mCTSI serving as the reference standard. The mean age of the study population was 46.49 years SD 14.11 with 14 (24.56%) men and 43 (75.44%) women. The men to women ratio was 0.32. Among the calculous etiology, cholelithiasis was the most common cause of acute pancreatitis, affecting 35 (61.40%) patients, followed by idiopathic acute pancreatitis. Out of 57 patients, 40 patients underwent CT scanning. Out of these 40 patients, 31 (77.5%) were classified as severe according to BISAP score with a cutoff of BISAP score ≥ 2, and 33 (82.5%) were classified as severe according to Ranson scoring system, with a cutoff of Ranson score ≥ 3. The sensitivity and specificity of BISAP were 90.90% and 85.71%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Ranson were 93.93% and 71.42%, respectively. Ranson was more sensitive but less specific than BISAP. In our study, area under curve (AUC) of BISAP was 0.70, and area under curve (AUC) of Ranson was 0.94. Ranson scoring was more accurate than BISAP in predicting severe acute pancreatitis, according to area under curve (AUC). BISAP scoring is comparable to the Ranson score in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis, with statistically insignificant p-value (p = 0.089). The bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) offers a straightforward and timely means of identifying severe cases within 24 h of disease onset. Conversely, Ranson’s score retains its value in pinpointing patients at risk of severe acute pancreatitis and ensuing organ failure. In our study, p-value is > 0.05, which indicates that both BISAP and Ranson’s score are equally adept at assessing acute pancreatitis severity, serving as reliable prognostic tools for early patient intervention. However, Ranson’s score boasts superior sensitivity and specificity compared to BISAP, reinforcing its utility in clinical practice.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, (Shyam K Gupta), upon reasonable request.
References
Venkatesh N, Vijayakumar C, Balasubramaniyan G, et al. (February 10, 2020) Comparison of different scoring systems in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis: a prospective observational study. Cureus 12(2):e6943. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6943
Harshit Kumar A, Singh GM (2018) A comparison of APACHE II, BISAP, Ranson’s score and modified CTSI in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis based on the 2012 revised Atlanta classification. Gastroenterology report 6(2):127–131
Kumar M, Kandhasamy SC, Sahoo AK, Amaranathan A, Goneppanavar M, NelamangalaRamakrishnaiah VP (2019) Pigtail catheter drainage and surgery in severe acute pancreatitis. JGH Open 3(5):429–434
Corfield AP, Cooper MJ, Williamson RC (1985) Acute pancreatitis: a lethal disease of increasing incidence. Gut 26(7):724
Werner J, Feuerbach S, Uhl W, Büchler M (2005) Management of acute pancreatitis: from surgery to interventional intensive care. Gut 54(3):426–436
Busireddy KK, AlObaidy M, Ramalho M, Kalubowila J, Baodong L, Santagostino I, Semelka RC (2014) Pancreatitis-imaging approach. World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology 5(3):252
Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, Gooszen HG, Johnson CD, Sarr MG, Tsiotos GG, Vege SS (2013) Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut 62(1):102–111
Simoes M, Alves P, Esperto H, Canha C, Meira E, Ferreira E, Gomes M, Fonseca I, Barbosa B, Costa JN (2011) Predicting acute pancreatitis severity: comparison of prognostic scores. Gastroenterology Res 4(5):216
Kiat TT, Gunasekaran SK, Junnarkar SP, Low JK, Woon W, Shelat VG (2018) Are traditional scoring systems for severity stratification of acute pancreatitis sufficient? Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery 22(2):105–115
Blamey SL, Imrie CW (1984) O’neill J, Gilmour WH, Carter DC. Prognostic factors in acute pancreatitis Gut 25(12):1340
Miko A, Vigh É, Mátrai P, Soos A, Garami A, Balasko M, Czakó L, Mosdosi B, Sarlos P, Erőss B, Tenk J (2019) Computed tomography severity index vs. other indices in the prediction of severity and mortality in acute pancreatitis: a predictive accuracy meta-analysis. Frontiers in physiology 10:1002
Bollen TL, Singh VK, Maurer R, Repas K, Van Es HW, Banks PA, Mortele KJ (2011) Comparative evaluation of the modified CT severity index and CT severity index in assessing severity of acute pancreatitis. Am J Roentgenol 197(2):386–392
Manjunath BD, Ali MA, Razack A, Harindranath HR, Avinash K, Kavya T, Vijayakumar L (2019) Comparison between Ransons score and modified CTSI in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis based on modified Atlanta classification 2012. International Surgery Journal 6(5):1596–1600
Balthazar EJ, Robinson DL, Megibow AJ, Ranson JH (1990) Acute pancreatitis: value of CT in establishing prognosis. Radiology 174(2):331–336
Mortele KJ, Zou KH, Banks PA, Silverman SG (2004) A modified ct severity index for evaluating acute pancreatitis: improved correlation with patient outcome. Pancreas 29(4):363
Khanna AK, Meher S, Prakash S, Tiwary SK, Singh U, Srivastava A, Dixit VK (2013) Comparison of Ranson, Glasgow, MOSS, SIRS, BISAP, APACHE-II, CTSI Scores, IL-6, CRP, and Procalcitonin in Predicting Severity, Organ Failure, Pancreatic Necrosis, and Mortality in Acute Pancreatitis. HPB Surg 2013:367581. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/367581
Chittipotula B, Ch MB, Rao SS, Teja PA (2020) Study of BISAP score in evaluation of acute pancreatitis and its severity. JMSCR 8(1):1042–1048
Sahu B, Abbey P, Anand R, Kumar A, Tomer S, Malik E (2017) Severity assessment of acute pancreatitis using CT severity index and modified CT severity index: correlation with clinical outcomes and severity grading as per the revised Atlanta classification. Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 27(02):152–160
Wu BU, Johannes RS, Sun X, Tabak Y, Conwell DL, Banks PA (2008) The early prediction of mortality in acute pancreatitis: a large population-based study. Gut 57(12):1698–703. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2008.152702
Jha PK, Chandran R, Jaiswal P, Seema K (2017) A clinical study of risk factors of acute pancreatitis in a tertiary care centre in North India. International Surgery Journal 4(6):1878–1883
Yadav J, Yadav SK, Kumar S, Baxla RG, Sinha DK, Bodra P, Besra RC, Baski BM, Prakash O, Anand A (2016) Predicting morbidity and mortality in acute pancreatitis in an Indian population: a comparative study of the BISAP score, Ranson’s score and CT severity index. Gastroenterology report 4(3):216–220
Hagjer S, Kumar N (2018) Evaluation of the BISAP scoring system in prognostication of acute pancreatitis–a prospective observational study. Int J Surg 1(54):76–81
Chen L, Lu G, Zhou Q, Zhan Q (2013) Evaluation of the BISAP score in predicting severity and prognoses of acute pancreatitis in Chinese patients. Int Surg 98(1):6–12
Kim BG, Noh MH, Ryu CH, Nam HS, Woo SM, Ryu SH, Jang JS, Lee JH, Choi SR, Park BH (2013) A comparison of the BISAP score and serum procalcitonin for predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. Korean J Intern Med 28(3):322
Jh R (1974) Prognostic signs and the role of operative management in acute pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 139:69–81
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Gupta, R., Gupta, S.K. Comparing and Evaluating the Role of Early Predictors Like BISAP and Ranson Scoring System with Modified CT Severity Index in Assessing the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis. Indian J Surg (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-024-04080-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-024-04080-3