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Nanophytosomes Loading Andrographis paniculata Hydroalcoholic Extract: Promising Drug Delivery for Hepatoprotective Efficacy

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Abstract

Purpose

Andrographis paniculata is a promising extract that has gained attention due to its broad range of pharmacological effects. It is now being researched extensively as a natural hepatoprotective surrogate with potential efficacy against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. However, it has several flaws that restrict its therapeutic value, including less bioavailability due to inadequate lipophilic solubility and indigent gastrointestinal absorption. This study highlights the development of self-assembled phytosome nanocarriers to improve lipophilic solubility and bioavailability. In this study, nanophytosomes of Andrographis paniculata extract (APE) were engineered to improve the rate of drug release and hepatoprotective efficiency of the extract.

Method

The nanophytosomes of Andrographis paniculata (APP) were formulated utilizing a full factorial design technique, which took into account a variety of variables that could lead to an optimized formulation. Particle size analysis, zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and solubility studies were used for physicochemical characterization.

Result

The decrease in the crystalline nature of nanophytosome was shown by PXRD and SEM. The production of the phyto-phospholipid complex was verified with the help of 1H NMR, DSC, and FTIR. The dissolution rate in nanophytosomes was also observed to be increased and sustained. Furthermore, in pharmacodynamics assessment, APP was found more effective as compared to APE.

Conclusion

Overall, the findings of this study revealed that nanophytosome formulation might be used as promising drug delivery for sustained drug release and improved hepatoprotection efficacy.

Graphical Abstract

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Data Availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

Abbreviations

APE:

Andrographis paniculata Extract

APP:

Andrographis paniculata Nanophytosomes

FTIR:

Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

1H NMR:

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance

PXRD:

Powder X-ray diffractometer

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SPC:

Soya phosphatidylcholine

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

ALP:

Aspartate aminotransferase

γ-GT:

Gamma-glutamyl transferase

TB:

Total bilirubin

TP:

Total protein

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

GSH:

Glutathione

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

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Acknowledgements

The authors are also thankful to Amsar Goa Pvt. Ltd, Goa, India for providing Andrographispaniculata extract and VAV Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India, for providing Soya Phosphatidylcholine (SPC; LECIVA-S70) as gift samples. The authors also extend thanks to Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India to perform characterization studies. The authors also extend gratitude to Crystal Biology Solutions, Pune, India for carrying out in vivo activity. The laboratory facilities provided by Principal, BharatiVidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, India and Principal, Indira College of Pharmacy, Pune, India are also acknowledged gratefully.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India

    Poonam Karekar

  2. Department of Pharmacognosy, Shree Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Pharmacy, Gadhiglaj Mahagaon, Maharashtra, India

    Suresh Killedar

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India

    Harinath More

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Karekar, P., Killedar, S. & More, H. Nanophytosomes Loading Andrographis paniculata Hydroalcoholic Extract: Promising Drug Delivery for Hepatoprotective Efficacy. J Pharm Innov 18, 1084–1099 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-023-09712-x

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