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Joint trellis-coded quantization watermarking for JPEG2000 images

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Abstract

Watermarking in the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)2000 coding pipeline is investigated in this paper. A joint quantization and watermarking method based on trellis-coded quantization (TCQ) is proposed to reliably embed data during the quantization stage of the JPEG2000 part 2 codec. The central contribution of this work is the use of a single quantization module to jointly perform quantization and watermark embedding at the same time. The TCQ-based watermarking technique allows embedding the watermark in the detail sub-bands of one or more resolution levels except the first one. Watermark recovery is performed after image decompression. The performance of this joint scheme in terms of image quality and robustness against common image attacks was estimated on real images.

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Notes

  1. Horizontal and vertical low frequency sub-band.

  2. Horizontal high-frequency and vertical low-frequency sub-band.

  3. Horizontal low-frequency and vertical high-frequency sub-band

  4. Horizontal high-frequency and vertical high-frequency sub-band.

  5. Shuchman [23] showed that the subtractive dithered quantization error does not depend on the quantizer input when the dither signal d has a uniform distribution within the range of one quantization bin (\({\it d} \in [-\Delta/2,\Delta/2]\)) leading to an expected squared error of E 2 = Δ2/12.

  6. The openjpeg library is available for download at http://www.openjpeg.org.

  7. SSIM is a perceptual measure exploiting human visual system properties. The SSIM values are real positive numbers lower or equal to 1. Stronger is the degradation and lower is the SSIM measure.

  8. These images are from the BOWS2 database which is located at http://bows2.gipsa-lab.inpg.fr.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory LIRMM, UMR CNRS 5506, University of Montpellier II, 161, rue Ada, 34095, Montpellier cedex 05, France

    Dalila Goudia, Marc Chaumont & William Puech

  2. University of Science and Technologies of Oran (USTO), BP 1505, El Mnaouer, Oran, Algeria

    Dalila Goudia & Naima Hadj Said

  3. University of Nîmes, rue du Docteur Georges Salan, 30021, Nîmes cedex 1, France

    Marc Chaumont

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  1. Dalila Goudia
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  2. Marc Chaumont
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  4. Naima Hadj Said
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Correspondence to Dalila Goudia.

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Goudia, D., Chaumont, M., Puech, W. et al. Joint trellis-coded quantization watermarking for JPEG2000 images. Ann. Telecommun. 67, 407–421 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-011-0280-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-011-0280-9

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