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Patterns of Knowledge and Use of Medicinal Plants in Santiago Camotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico

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Abstract

Medicinal plants continue to play an important role in healthcare, both in Mexico and around the world. We investigated the relationship between various sociodemographic factors, such as age, economic activity, years of schooling, socioeconomic levels, gender, and language proficiency, and the knowledge and frequency of medicinal plant use in Santiago Camotlán, Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, with a mainly Zapotec population. In a first stage, we interviewed specialists in depth and collected and identified plants for a catalogue of the medicinal plant flora (90 species). With this catalogue, we then interviewed a sample of the general population and the specialists on knowledge and frequency of use. The relationship between the sociodemographic variables and knowledge was analyzed by multiple regression. To explore differences of knowledge within the population, we identified three groups with a two-step cluster analysis; the results were compared statistically with a Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test and then a post hoc Dunn’s test to see if all the differences between groups were significant. Age and occupation explained 54% of the variation of knowledge. Medicinal plant knowledge in the region persists mainly because of the necessity to treat the diseases that the “doctor does not cure,” the culture-bound syndromes, and the most common ailments, malfunctions of the digestive system.

Resumen

Las plantas medicinales siguen jugando un papel importante en el cuidado de la salud, tanto en México como en el mundo. En este estudio investigamos la relación entre variables sociodemográficas como edad, actividad económica, años de escolaridad, nivel socioeconómico, género y habilidad lingüística, y el conocimiento y frecuencia de uso de plantas medicinales en Santiago Camotlán, Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, con una población principalmente zapoteca. En una primera etapa, se entrevistaron a especialistas a profundidad, se colectaron e identificaron plantas para elaborar un catálogo que representa la flora medicinal de la comunidad (90 especies). Con este catálogo se entrevistó a una muestra de la población general sobre el conocimiento y la frecuencia de uso. Se analizó la relación entre variables sociodemográficas y el conocimiento mediante un análisis de regresión múltiple. Para explorar las diferencias en conocimiento dentro de la población, se identificaron tres grupos con un análisis de conglomerados; los resultados fueron comparados estadísticamente mediante la Prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y un análisis posterior de Dunn para ver si las diferencias entre los grupos eran significativas. La edad y la ocupación explicaron el 54% de la variación en el conocimiento. El conocimiento de plantas medicinales persiste en la región principalmente por la necesidad de tratar las enfermedades “que el médico no cura”, es decir, los síndromes de filiación cultural, y las enfermedades más comunes, las malfunciones del sistema digestivo.

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to the families of Santiago Camotlán for their hospitality, help, and collaboration with this study and to the traditional healers for sharing their knowledge. Various people helped with the field work (Gustavo Ramírez, Jazmín Galicia, René Aguilar, Cristina Alanis, Juan Ramírez, Mariana Vázquez, Marina Hernández, Omar Quisehuatl, Adriana Pacheco, and Edgar Yañez). Dr. Stephen Koch assisted in the plant identifications. We also thank the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología for providing a study grant to the first author (grant number 327196).

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Correspondence to Heike Vibrans.

Appendix

Appendix

Table 3 Medicinal plants of Santiago Camotlán, Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico, ordered by the numbers used for the interviews

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Pérez-Nicolás, M., Vibrans, H., Romero-Manzanares, A. et al. Patterns of Knowledge and Use of Medicinal Plants in Santiago Camotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico. Econ Bot 71, 209–223 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-017-9384-0

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