Abstract
The 1:1 ratio of the Phytophthora infestans A1 and A2 mating types favors the sexually derived genetic diversity of the late blight pathogen of potatoes, which is widespread in the central highlands of México. This ratio guarantees the successful infection of this pathogen, even in resistant potato hosts. However, wild Solanum species present in the region serve as alternative hosts to the pathogen. Knowledge about the external factors that influence the dynamics of this disease facilitates the assessment and selection for genetically resistant potato cultivars to late blight, in addition to providing the capacity to predict epidemics. This work aimed to assess the expected, observed, and simulated progress of natural P. infestans infection of potatoes during two epiphytotic field seasons (2009 and 2010) at Chapingo, México. Using 8-years of weather datasets, six ideal situations were predicted with four to eight infection cycles of 6 to 12 h each. In comparison to the predictions, the observed effect of the area under the disease progress curve, and its components (AUDPC, RAUDPC, RaRAUDPC), was highly significant, with a low coefficient of variation among the potato cultivars used in the study. In conclusion, we confirm that the LATEBLIGHT-LB2004 model is useful for simulating and predicting late blight epidemics based on the weather conditions of Chapingo, except for the magnitude of the relative humidity threshold variable (RH_threshold), which requires calibration for each cultivar.
Resumen
La proporción 1:1 de los grupos de compatibilidad A1 y A2 de Phytophthora infestans favorece la diversidad genética derivada sexualmente del patógeno del tizón tardío de la papa, que está ampliamente distribuido en los altiplanos centrales de México. Esta proporción garantiza la infección exitosa del patógeno, aún en hospedantes de papa resistentes. No obstante, las especies silvestres de Solanum presentes en la región sirven como hospederos alternantes del patógeno. El conocimiento de los factores externos que influencian la dinámica de esta enfermedad facilita el análisis y la selección para la resistencia genética de variedades de papa al tizón tardío, además de proporcionar la capacidad de predecir epidemias. El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar el progreso de la infección natural de P. infestans respecto a lo esperado, observado y simulado en papa durante dos ciclos de campo epifíticos (2009 y 2010) en Chapingo, México. Con el registro de ocho años de datos meteorológicos, se predijeron seis situaciones ideales con cuatro a ocho ciclos de infección de 6 a 12 hs cada uno. En comparación con las predicciones, el efecto observado de área bajo la curva de progreso de la enfermedad, y sus componentes (AUDPC, RAUDPC, RaRAUDPC), fue altamente significativo, con bajo coeficiente de variación entre las variedades de papa usadas en este estudio. En conclusión, confirmamos que el modelo LATEBLIGHT-LB2004 es útil para simular y predecir la epidemia de tizón tardío, con base a las condiciones atmosféricas de Chapingo, excepto por la magnitud del umbral de la variable de humedad relativa (RH_threshold), que requiere de calibración para cada variedad.
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Autonomous University of Chapingo, Mexico, and all the experiments comply with the current laws of México. The constructive comments and suggestions provided by Dr. Peter Schmiediche and Dr. Charles R. Brown are greatly appreciated.
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de la Cruz, J.B.D., Lozoya-Saldaña, H., Sahagún-Castellanos, J. et al. The Pathosystem Solanum tuberosum L.-Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in Chapingo, Mexico. Expected, Observed, and Simulated. Am. J. Potato Res. 91, 312–326 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-013-9351-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-013-9351-y