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Relationships Among Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content and Specific Gravity in Several Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars Grown in Different Environments

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Abstract

Environmental conditions influence crop productivity and quality, making breeding for improvement of a particular trait challenging. Similarly, relationships among traits may make trait improvement difficult, especially if selection for high levels of one trait results in low levels of the other(s). Therefore, understanding the influence of environment and relationships among traits is necessary in trait selection and crop improvement. The objective of this study was to investigate the variability and correlations among antioxidant activity (AOA), total phenolic content (TP), and specific gravity (SPG) in potato cultivars and advanced breeding selections. This research included investigation of genotype x environment (GxE), using four cultivars (Atlantic, Red LaSoda, Russet Norkotah, and Yukon Gold) grown for 3 years (2005, 2006, and 2007) in nine states (CA, ID, MI, MN, NJ, NC, OR, TX, and WI), and two broader genotype studies using 15 advanced breeding selections grown in Texas in 2005 and 60 advanced selections and five cultivars grown in Texas in 2009. Two methods, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), were used to evaluate AOA, and total phenolic (TP) content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Significant effects of cultivar, year, location and their interactions on AOA, TP, and SPG were observed, as well as significant trait differences among cultivars within and between locations. The correlations between AOA and TP were significantly positive, while between AOA and SPG, and between TP and SPG were weak and negative in the GxE study. Correlations between AOA and SPG, and between TP and SPG in the two genotype studies were not significant. The weak relationships observed in the GxE study between AOA and SPG, and between TP and SPG may have been due to the small sample size and/or the cultivar Atlantic consistently exhibiting the lowest values of AOA and TP, and highest SPG in all locations. Results from the genotype studies suggest that breeding for high AOA and TP to increase the nutritional value of potato cultivars can be done without compromising tuber quality in terms of specific gravity.

Resumen

Las condiciones ambientales influencian la productividad y la calidad de los cultivos, lo cual es un reto en el fitomejoramiento para mejorar un carácter en particular. De manera similar, las relaciones entre los caracteres pueden dificultar su mejoramiento, especialmente si la selección para altos niveles de uno resulta en bajos niveles de otro(s). De aquí que es necesario el entendimiento de la influencia del ambiente y de las relaciones entre caracteres, para la selección de características y del mejoramiento de los cultivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la variabilidad y correlaciones entre actividad antioxidante (AOA), contenido de fenoles totales (TP) y la gravedad específica (SPG) en variedades de papa y en selecciones avanzadas de mejoramiento. Se incluyó la investigación de genotipo X medio ambiente (GxE), usando cuatro variedades (Atlantic, Red LaSoda, Russet Norkotah, y Yukon Gold) cultivadas durante tres años (2005, 2006 y 2007) en nueve estados (California, Idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, Nueva Jersey, Carolina del Norte, Oregon, Texas, y Wisconsin), y dos estudios más amplios de genotipos, usando 15 selecciones avanzadas que se sembraron en Texas en 2005 y 60 selecciones avanzadas y cinco variedades sembradas en Texas en 2009. Se usaron dos métodos para evaluar AOA, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) y 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-ácido sulfónico) (ABTS), y se determinaron los fenoles totales usando el método de Folin-Ciocalteau. Se observaron efectos significativos de variedad, año, localidad y sus interacciones con AOA, TP, y SPG, así como también diferencias significativas de caracteres entre variedades dentro y entre localidades. Las correlaciones entre AOA y TP fueron significativamente positivas, mientras que entre AOA y SPG, y entre TP y SPG fueron débiles y negativas en el estudio de GxE. No hubo significancia en las correlaciones entre AOA y SPG, y entre TP y SPG en los dos estudios de genotipos. Las relaciones débiles observadas en el estudio de GxE entre AOA y SPG, y entre TP y SPG pudieron deberse al tamaño pequeño de muestra y/o a la continua exhibición de los valores más bajos de AOA y TP en la variedad Atlantic, y los más altos en SPG en todas las localidades. Los resultados de los estudios de los genotipos sugieren que el mejoramiento para alta AOA y TP para aumentar el valor nutritivo de las variedades de papa puede hacerse sin comprometer la calidad del tubérculo en términos de gravedad específica.

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Acknowledgments

We express sincere appreciation to Harry Carlson (CA), David Douches (MI), Dan Hane (OR), Mel Henninger (NJ), Steven James (OR), Charles Kostichka (WI), Jeff Miller (MN), Rich Novy (ID), Rikki Sterrett (VA), and Craig Yencho (NC) for providing potato samples for the three year study. Without their cooperation, this research could not have been possible.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2133, USA

    M. Ndambe Nzaramba, Douglas C. Scheuring & J. Creighton Miller Jr.

  2. Texas A&M AgriLIFE Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, Lubbock, TX, 79401, USA

    Jeffrey W. Koym

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  1. M. Ndambe Nzaramba
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  2. Douglas C. Scheuring
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Correspondence to J. Creighton Miller Jr..

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Nzaramba, M.N., Scheuring, D.C., Koym, J.W. et al. Relationships Among Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content and Specific Gravity in Several Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars Grown in Different Environments. Am. J. Potato Res. 90, 541–550 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-013-9326-z

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