Summary
Four species of Nothoperanema (Dryopteridaceae), N. squamisetum, N. hendersonii, N. rubiginosum and N. shikokianum, were studied and all the specimens examined were found to share a diagnostic feature that had not been appreciated previously. All the species possessed adaxial, non-vascularised ridges occurring intermittently and parallel to both sides of the costa or costule, and associated with the presence of characteristic trichomes. This paper aims to show that this combination of features delimits Nothoperanema (Tagawa) Ching distinctly from other taxa.
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References
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Acknowledgements
I dedicate this article to the memory of my dear husband Michael Shaffer, Entomologist, 1936 – 2009.
At Kew, I thank Peter Gasson and Chrissie Prychid for advice on staining methods and Peter Edwards for arranging for loan specimens, for support with literature, valuable discussion and critical reading of the manuscript. At the Natural History Museum (BM), I am grateful to Alison Paul who helped with herbarium search and literature. At the Tokyo Herbarium (TI), J. Murata and Akiko Shimizu were particularly helpful in sending CD images of Nothoperanema squamisetum and N. shikokianum. To them and to Udayani R. Weerasinghe go particular thanks for such generous support.
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Appendix 1. Specimens Examined. Mention of trichomes / scales on specimens is indicated in square brackets.
Appendix 1. Specimens Examined. Mention of trichomes / scales on specimens is indicated in square brackets.
Nothoperanema hendersonii (Bedd.) Ching
india. Sikkim, W. S. A. 1870 (K). philippines . Iwatsuki et al. 774 (K). hawaii (oahu). St. John 10065 (K) [trichomes ±0.7 – 1.5 mm long].
Nothoperanema squamisetum (Hook.) Ching
uganda. Lock 69/1 (K) [trichomes 0.4 – 0.8 mm long]. kenya. Faden et al. 69/765 (K); Faden, Evans, Maara & Mwirigi 1969/765 (K) [stipe covered with stiff white scales]; Faden, Faden & Evans 1970/76 (K); Faden, Holland & Elder 1971/862 (K); Molesworth-Allen 3638 (K) [trichomes 0.5 – 1.2 mm long]; Vesey FitzGerald 3655 (K) [stipe with long, translucent scales]. tanzania. Hall s.n. (K); Grimshaw 93865 (K) [trichomes 0.4 – 1.2 mm long]. malawi. Dowsett-Lemaire 1027 (K) [numerous whitish scales ovate to linear some turning brown, i.e. ageing on stipe]. south africa. Muller & Scheepers 102 (K); McKey “10” (K) [very hairy, hairs glittering conspicuously in the light].
Nothoperanema rubiginosum (Brack.) Kuntze
hawaii. Wilkes s.n. (K!) [trichomes ±0.5 – 1 mm long]
Nothoperanema shikokianum (Makino) Nakaike
japan. Miyazaki Pref. Osuzuyama, 2 June, 1959, Coll. Satomi 16170 (TI).
[trichomes ±0.75 – 1.5 mm long]
Peranema cyatheoides D. Don
nepal. KEW-EDINBURGH-Kathmandu expedition to NE Nepal , KEKE TEAM: Crawford, Grey-Wilson, Long, McBeath, Noltie, Sinnott, Subedi & Zmarzty 1064 (K). The diagnostic feature is present in both species P. cyathioides and P. luzonica in the form exhibited by species of Nothoperanema, i.e. the ridges are interrupted, giving way to lateral veins. Being perhaps weaker anyway, evidence of their presence depends on the quality of pressing the plant. The type of P. cyatheoides Don (K) is represented by seven Wallich specimens from Nepal, annotated Aspidium, H f 372 and Sphaeropteris H f 183, genus numbers rather than those of collectors’ and stemming, as far as dates are given, from 1821, 1823 and 1829.
Peranema luzonica Copel.
philippines. A note on a recent collection of P. luzonica: Mt Pulog, Alt.: 2700 – 2800 m, 1968, Jacobs 7254 (K) states: Habitat primary forest of one storey, mossy, bordering open grassland, on sandy-loamy soil; rootstock very deep, a few inches long; young leaves bright green. Det. By Hennipman, who says: Endemic on Mt Pulog; according to Christensen a form of P. cyathoides (sic.)
Peranema luzonica Copel. Type: Mt Pulog, Province of Benguet, Luzon, H. M. Curran, M. L. Merritt, T. C. Zschokke 16280 from 1909 (K) shows both states, but features obscured by bad drying and weak development; ridge beset with smaller glandular trichomes at regular intervals (Fig. 1N) glandular trichomes on ridge: Keke 1064 NE Nepal (K) above, feature present in the types of P. cyatheoides and P. luzonica, trichomes [±0.5 – 1.2. / trichomes with honey-coloured glands 0.1 – 0.2 mm long].
Diacalpe (Copeland 1929): Java, China, India, Mt Kinabalu
Diacalpe aspidioides Blume
burma (myanmar). Thalon Distr., J. H. Lace 4610, 22 Feb. 1909 (K); ridge faint, large trichome at base of pinnule into costa, [up to 1.5 mm long], ridges only apparent in larger pinnules, interrupted for lateral veins only occasionally in largest pinnules. sumatra. C. G. Matthew, Solok, 1, 1914, (K); large trichomes, glands on edge of ridges of pinna costa, less on costule ridge. sri lanka. Sledge 1200, 24 Feb. 1954, in forest on Namunukula (K); trichomes [±1 mm]; sides of pinna costae can have sharply defined [±0.1 mm high] ridges that are interrupted in giving way to the lateral costae. indo-china. Chevalier 30 882, Alt. 2743 m, 1914 (K), trichomes [± (0.5) – 1 mm], glandular small trichome only very occasionally on pinna costa, rarely on pinnule. thailand. Smitinand 3220, (K) [± (0.5) – 1.2 mm]. india. Gamble 5016A, Alt. 1219 – 1524 m, Simonbong (Darjeeling)1874 (K). china. Cavalerie 4726, Yunnan-Sen Distr., 1920 (K); in both samples ridges on pinna costa well defined, small glands absent.
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Shaffer-Fehre, M. Nothoperanema (Dryopteridaceae): recognition of a novel diagnostic feature. Kew Bull 69, 9540 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-014-9540-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-014-9540-y