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A Comparison Process Between Wet Lay-Up, Single Vacuum Bagging and Double Vacuum Bagging Toward Natural Fibre (Palm, Coconut and Kenaf) Reinforced Epoxy Composite Laminates

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Abstract

The mechanical properties of palm, coconut, and kenaf fibre-reinforced epoxy composite laminates were evaluated using tensile (ASTM D3039) and flexural (ASTM D790) tests. The laminates were fabricated using different methods such as double vacuum bagging, single vacuum bagging, and wet lay-up. Results indicate that double vacuum bagging produced superior mechanical properties (up to 54.12% higher flexural modulus) compared to single vacuum bagging and wet lay-up methods. SEM images showed complete impregnation of fibres and a good interface between fibre and matrix in the composites produced via the double vacuum bagging method. This process creates a denser sample and allows the resin to penetrate the plies and core, eliminating voids in the laminate structure. Additionally, kenaf fibre-reinforced epoxy composite laminates exhibited higher mechanical properties (up to 104.82% higher tensile strength) compared to palm and coconut fibre-reinforced epoxy composite laminates.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for Fundamental Research Grant Scheme with Project Code: FRGS/1/2022/TK04/USM/03/7 and Universiti Sains Malaysia for sponsoring the postdoctoral fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Aerospace Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Muhammad Razlan Zakaria, M. Shukur Zainol Abidin & Aslina Anjang Ab Rahman

  2. Science and Engineering Research Center, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Mohd Zharif Ahmad Thirmizir

  3. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Hazizan Md Akil

  4. Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

    Mohd Firdaus Omar

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

    Norlin Nosbi

  6. School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 2JH, UK

    Norfaradina Ab Ghafar

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  1. Muhammad Razlan Zakaria
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  2. Mohd Zharif Ahmad Thirmizir
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  8. Norfaradina Ab Ghafar
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Correspondence to M. Shukur Zainol Abidin.

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Zakaria, M.R., Ahmad Thirmizir, M.Z., Zainol Abidin, M.S. et al. A Comparison Process Between Wet Lay-Up, Single Vacuum Bagging and Double Vacuum Bagging Toward Natural Fibre (Palm, Coconut and Kenaf) Reinforced Epoxy Composite Laminates. Fibers Polym 24, 2107–2116 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00204-w

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