Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Black Seed Fiber, on the Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, Morphological, and Biodegradation Properties of Cornstarch-Based Biocomposites

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
Fibers and Polymers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work aims to investigate the effect of black seed fiber as a reinforcing material for the fabrication of cornstarch-based biocomposite. The casting procedure was applied to fabricate the biocomposite at different concentrations of black seed fiber (3%, 6%, and 9%) and plasticizer mixture of fructose and glycerol set at a proportion of 30% (1:1) for total weight. The biocomposite films were tested in terms of casting procedure physical, tensile, thermal, and morphological properties. Increasing the black seed fiber concentration from 3% to 9% decreased the density and moisture content of the films by 15.67% and 29.04%, respectively, and soil burial tests showed that the films became less resistant to biodegradation. On the other hand, an increase in tensile strength (40%), Young’s modulus (26%), and crystallinity index (64%) were observed when 9% of black seed fiber was added, reflected in a consistent structure and outstanding matrix-reinforcement compatibility. It was also found that reinforced biocomposite exhibited better thermal stability and more intermolecular hydrogen bonding compared to the control film. Overall, the addition of black seed fiber as promising reinforcing material significantly improved the performance of the films, which may contribute to the development of the biopolymers industry in response to both community needs and environmental issues.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials.

References

  1. P. Madhu, M.R. Sanjay, P. Senthamaraikannan, S. Pradeep, S.S. Saravanakumar, B. Yogesha, J. Nat. Fibers 16, 1132 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  2. V. Fiore, T. Scalici, F. Nicoletti, G. Vitale, M. Prestipino, A. Valenza, Compos. B Eng. 85, 150 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. K.L. Pickering, M.G.A. Efendy, T.M. Le, Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 83, 98 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, M.N. Norizan, M.S.N. Atikah, M.R.M. Huzaifah, A.M. Radzi, M.R. Ishak, E.S. Zainudin, S. Izwan, A.M. Noor Azammi, R. Jumaidin, Z.M. Ainun, R. Syafik, A. Nazrin, A. Atiqah, Pros. Semin. Enau Kebangs. 2019, 2 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  5. M.R. Sanjay, P. Madhu, M. Jawaid, P. Senthamaraikannan, S. Senthil, S. Pradeep, J. Clean. Prod. 172, 566 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S.G. Mortazavi Moghaddam, M. Kianmehr, M.R. Khazdair, Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2020, 1–15 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. Mordi, M. Teimorian, B. Shakiba, E. Moudi, J. Biol. Res. Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. (2021). https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2021.9869

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. F.M. Ibrahim and S.F. El Habbasha, in Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa) Seeds: Chemistry, Technology, Functionality, and Applications (Springer, 2021), pp. 421–431

  9. M.S. Hossain, A. Sharfaraz, A. Dutta, A. Ahsan, M.A. Masud, I.A. Ahmed, B.H. Goh, Z. Urbi, M.M.R. Sarker, L.C. Ming, Biomed. Pharmacother. 143, 112182 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Z. Oskouei, M. Akaberi, H. Hosseinzadeh, Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci. 21, 1200 (2018)

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. M.I. Alkhalaf, R.H. Hussein, A. Hamza, Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 27, 2410 (2020)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. L. Bordoni, D. Fedeli, C. Nasuti, F. Maggi, F. Papa, M. Wabitsch, R. De Caterina, R. Gabbianelli, Antioxidants 8, 51 (2019)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Z. Gholamnezhad, S. Havakhah, M.H. Boskabady, Preclinical and Clinical Effects of Nigella Sativa and Its Constituent Thymoquinone A Review (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2016)

    Google Scholar 

  14. M.N. Norizan, M.H. Moklis, A.H. Alias, A.I. Rushdan, M.N.F. Norrrahim, K. Abdan, N. Abdullah, Treatments of natural fiber as reinforcement in polymer composites—a short review. Funct. Compos. Struct 3(2), 024002 (2021)

  15. Wahab, M. A. F. A., Sapuan, S. M., Harussani, M. M., Zuhri, M. Y. M., & Saleh, A. A, Conceptual design of glass/renewable natural fibre-reinforced polymer hybrid composite motorcycle side cover. J. Renew. Mat 9(11), 1973–1989 (2021)

  16. R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, Curr. Org. Synth. 16, 500–503 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  17. M.M. Harussani, S.M. Sapuan, U. Rashid, A. Khalina, Polymers (Basel) 13, 1707 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. M.M. Harussani, U. Rashid, S.M. Sapuan, K. Abdan, Polymers (Basel) 13, 3980 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Sabbah, M. Altamimi, P. Di Pierro, C. Schiraldi, M. Cammarota, R. Porta, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 1 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  20. M. Kiralan, G. Özkan, A. Bayrak, M.F. Ramadan, Ind. Crops Prod. 57, 52 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. S.M. Farag, E.E. Essa, S.A. Alharbi, S. Alfarraj, G.M.M.A. El-Hassan, Saudi. J. Biol. Sci. 28, 5261 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. N.N. Barkah, K.G. Wiryawan, Y. Retnani, W.T. Wibawan, and E. Wina, in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (IOP Publishing, 2021), p. 12025

  23. R.C.N. Thilakarathne, G. Madushanka, S.B. Navaratne, Analysis of curcumin content in Sri Lankan and Indian turmeric rhizomes and investigating its impact on the colour. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 3 (2018)

  24. E. Yarnell, K. Abascal, Altern. Complement. Ther. 17, 99 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  25. M.M. Harussani, S.M. Sapuan, U. Rashid, A. Khalina, R.A. Ilyas, Sci. Total Environ. 803, 149911 (2021)

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. N. Kumar, P. Kaur, S. Bhatia, Nutr. Food Sci. 47, 591 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  27. G. Rathi, S.I. Siddiqui, Q. Pham, V.T. Nam, Sustain. Chem. Pharm. 18, 100332 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  28. S.I. Siddiqui, F. Zohra, S.A. Chaudhry, Environ. Res. 178, 108667 (2019)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. S.I. Siddiqui, O. Manzoor, M. Mohsin, S.A. Chaudhry, Environ. Res. 171, 328 (2019)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. A. Addala, N. Belattar, M. Elektorowicz, Orient. J. Chem. 34, 638 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. S.M. El-Said, M.B.S. Alamri, A.-B.S. El-Barak, O. Alsogair, Asian. J. Sci. Res. 2, 96 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. S.I. Siddiqui, S.A. Chaudhry, J. Clean. Prod. 200, 996 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. S. Tiji, M. Lakrat, Y. Rokni, E.M. Mejdoubi, C. Hano, M. Addi, A. Asehraou, M. Mimouni, Antibiotics 11, 170 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. R. Syafiq, S.M. Sapuan, M.Y.M. Zuhri, R.A. Ilyas, A. Nazrin, S.F.K. Sherwani, A. Khalina, Polymers (Basel) 12, 2403 (2020)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. E. Syafri, Sudirman, Mashadi, E. Yulianti, Deswita, M. Asrofi, H. Abral, S. M. Sapuan, R. A. Ilyas, A. Fudholi, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 8, 6223 (2019)

  36. S.P. Bangar, M. Nehra, A.K. Siroha, M. Petrů, R.A. Ilyas, U. Devi, P. Devi, Foods 10, 1609 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  37. R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, Curr. Anal. Chem. 16, 500 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. W. Abotbina, S.M. Sapuan, M.T.H. Sultan, M.F.M. Alkbir, R.A. Ilyas, Polymers (Basel) 13, 3487 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. J. Tarique, S.M. Sapuan, A. Khalina, S.F.K. Sherwani, J. Yusuf, R.A. Ilyas, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 13, 1191 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, A. Atiqah, R. Ibrahim, H. Abral, M.R. Ishak, E.S. Zainudin, N.M. Nurazzi, M.S.N. Atikah, M.N.M. Ansari, M.R.M. Asyraf, A.B.M. Supian, H. Ya, Polym. Compos. 41, 459–467 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. H. Abral, A. Basri, F. Muhammad, Y. Fernando, F. Hafizulhaq, M. Mahardika, E. Sugiarti, S.M. Sapuan, R.A. Ilyas, I. Stephane, Food Hydrocoll. 93, 276 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. S.M. Rangappa, S. Siengchin, J. Parameswaranpillai, M. Jawaid, T. Ozbakkaloglu, Polym. Compos. 43, 645 (2022)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. M. Hemath, S.M. Rangappa, V. Kushvaha, H.N. Dhakal, S. Siengchin, Polym. Compos. 41, 3940 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, R. Ibrahim, H. Abral, M.R. Ishak, E.S. Zainudin, M. Asrofi, M.S.N. Atikah, M.R.M. Huzaifah, A.M. Radzi, A.M.N. Azammi, M.A. Shaharuzaman, N.M. Nurazzi, E. Syafri, N.H. Sari, M.N.F. Norrrahim, R. Jumaidin, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 8, 2753 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Z.H. Kamaruddin, R. Jumaidin, M.Z. Selamat, R.A. Ilyas, Biocomposite of cassava starch-cymbopogan citratus fibre: Mechanical, thermal and biodegradation properties. Polymers 143, 514 (2021)

  46. R. Jumaidin, N.A. Diah, R.A. Ilyas, R.H. Alamjuri, F.A.M. Yusof, Polymers (Basel) 13, 1420 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. R. Jumaidin, M.A.A. Khiruddin, Z.A.S. Saidi, M.S. Salit, R.A. Ilyas, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 146, 746 (2020)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. M.M. Harussani, S.M. Sapuan, A.H.M. Firdaus, Y.A. El-Badry, E.E. Hussein, Z.M. El-Bahy, Polymers (Basel) 13, 3709 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. A. Edhirej, S.M. Sapuan, M. Jawaid, N.I. Zahari, Fibers Polym. 18, 162 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. T.J. Siebenmorgen, V.K. Jindal, Pap. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. (1986)

  51. R.L. Shogren, Carbohydr. Polym. 19, 83 (1992)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. M.I.J. Ibrahim, S.M. Sapuan, E.S. Zainudin, M.Y.M. Zuhri, Int. J. Food Prop. 22, 925 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. ASTM D570, ASTM Stand. 98, 25 (2014)

  54. ASTM D882-10, Stand. Test Method Tensile Prop. Thin Plast. Sheeting (2010)

  55. R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, M.R. Ishak, E.S. Zainudin, Carbohydr. Polym. 202, 186 (2018)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, R. Ibrahim, H. Abral, M.R. Ishak, E.S. Zainudin, A. Atiqah, M.S.N. Atikah, E. Syafri, M. Asrofi, R. Jumaidin, J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy 14, 234 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. K.Z. Hazrati, S.M. Sapuan, M.Y.M. Zuhri, R. Jumaidin, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 15, 1342 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. M.I.J. Ibrahim, S.M. Sapuan, E.S. Zainudin, M.Y.M. Zuhri, Extraction, chemical composition, and characterization of potential lignocellulosic biomasses and polymers from corn plant parts. BioResources 143, 6485–6500 (2019)

  59. M.J. Halimatul, S.M. Sapuan, M. Jawaid, M.R. Ishak, R.A. Ilyas, Polimery 64, 27 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  60. J. Tarique, E.S. Zainudin, S.M. Sapuan, R.A. Ilyas, A. Khalina, Polymers (Basel) 14, 388 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. A. Edhirej, S.M. Sapuan, M. Jawaid, N.I. Zahari, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 101, 75 (2017)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. M.S.N. Atikah, R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, M.R. Ishak, E.S. Zainudin, R. Ibrahim, A. Atiqah, M.N.M. Ansari, R. Jumaidin, Polimery 64, 680 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. A. Khan, R. Vijay, D.L. Singaravelu, G.R. Arpitha, M.R. Sanjay, S. Siengchin, M. Jawaid, K. Alamry, A.M. Asiri, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 9, 773 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. F. Versino, M.A. García, Ind. Crops Prod. (2014)

  65. K. Kaewtatip, J. Thongmee, Mater. Des. 49, 701 (2013)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. M.V. Scatolino, D.W. Silva, L. Bufalino, G.H.D. Tonoli, L.M. Mendes, Proc. Eng. 200, 155 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. J. Huang, L. Zhang, F. Chen, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 88, 3284 (2003)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. M.I. Ibrahim, S.M. Sapuan, E.S. Zainudin, M.Y. Zuhri, A. Edhirej, R.A. Ilyas, Biofiller-Reinforced Biodegradable Polymer Composites, 1st edn. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, 2020), pp.285–301

    Google Scholar 

  69. J. Sahari, S.M. Sapuan, E.S. Zainudin, M.A. Maleque, Mater. Des. 49, 285 (2013)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. K.Z. Hazrati, S.M. Sapuan, M.Y.M. Zuhri, R. Jumaidin, Effect of plasticizers on physical, thermal, and tensile properties of thermoplastic films based on Dioscorea hispida starch. Int. J. Biol. Macromol 185, 219–228 (2021)

  71. J. Sahari, S.M. Sapuan, E.S. Zainudin, M.A. Maleque, Carbohydr. Polym. 92, 1711 (2013)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. M.F. Rosa, B.S. Chiou, E.S. Medeiros, D.F. Wood, T.G. Williams, L.H.C. Mattoso, W.J. Orts, S.H. Imam, Bioresour. Technol. 100, 5196 (2009)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. S. Mali, F. Debiagi, M.V.E. Grossmann, F. Yamashita, Ind. Crops Prod. (2010)

  74. M.C. Galdeano, S. Mali, M.V.E. Grossmann, F. Yamashita, M.A. García, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 29, 532 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. L. Ludueña, A. Vázquez, V. Alvarez, Carbohydr. Polym. 87, 411 (2012)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. J. Prachayawarakorn, S. Chaiwatyothin, S. Mueangta, A. Hanchana, Mater. Des. 47, 309 (2013)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. J. Sahari, S.M. Sapuan, Z.N. Ismarrubie, M.Z. Rahman, Fibres Text. East. Eur. 91, 21 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  78. R. Bodirlau, C.-A. Teaca, I. Spiridon, Compos. B Eng. 44, 575 (2013)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. F. Versino, O.V. López, M.A. García, Ind. Crops Prod. 65, 79 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. L. Zhang, W. Xie, X. Zhao, Y. Liu, W. Gao, Thermochim. Acta 495, 57 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. X. Ma, J. Yu, J.F. Kennedy, Carbohydr. Polym. 62, 19 (2005)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. M.G. Lomelí-Ramírez, S.G. Kestur, R. Manríquez-González, S. Iwakiri, G.B. de Muniz, T.S. Flores-Sahagun, Carbohydr. Polym. 102, 576 (2014)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. J. Raabe, A.D.S. Fonseca, L. Bufalino, C. Ribeiro, M.A. Martins, J.M. Marconcini, L.M. Mendes, G.H.D. Tonoli, J. Nanomater. 2015, 1 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  84. J. Prachayawarakorn, N. Limsiriwong, R. Kongjindamunee, S. Surakit, J. Polym. Environ. 20, 88 (2012)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. J. Tarique, S.M. Sapuan, A. Khalina, Sci. Rep. 11, 1 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  86. P.J. Jandas, S. Mohanty, S.K. Nayak, J. Clean. Prod. 52, 392 (2013)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. O. Shakuntala, G. Raghavendra, A.S. Kumar, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2014, 1–9 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  88. S.M. Rangappa, J. Parameswaranpillai, S. Siengchin, M. Jawaid, T. Ozbakkaloglu, Sci. Rep. 12, 397 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  89. M.F. Ramadan, J.-T. Mörsel, Eur. Food Res. Technol. 214, 202 (2002)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank University Putra Malaysia for financial support through Geran Putra Berimpak (UPM/800-3/3/1/GPB/2019/9679800) and the grant Inisiatif Putra Siswazah (GP-IPS/2021/9697100).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Walid Abotbina & S. M. Sapuan

  2. Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    S. M. Sapuan

  3. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    M. T. H. Sultan

  4. Advanced Facilities Engineering Technology Research Cluster, Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology (MITEC), University Kuala Lumpur, Persiaran Sinaran Ilmu, Bandar Seri Alam, 81750, Masai, Johor, Malaysia

    M. F. M. Alkbir

  5. Facilities Maintenance Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology, Persiaran Sinaran Ilmu, Bandar Seri Alam, 81750 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    M. F. M. Alkbir

  6. Sustainable Waste Management Research Group (SWAM), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    R. A. Ilyas

  7. Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    R. A. Ilyas

Authors
  1. Walid Abotbina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. M. Sapuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. T. H. Sultan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. F. M. Alkbir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. R. A. Ilyas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. M. Sapuan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abotbina, W., Sapuan, S.M., Sultan, M.T.H. et al. Effect of Black Seed Fiber, on the Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, Morphological, and Biodegradation Properties of Cornstarch-Based Biocomposites. Fibers Polym 24, 681–692 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00038-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00038-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation