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Flame retardancy, Thermal and mechanical properties of Kenaf fiber reinforced Unsaturated polyester/Phenolic composite

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Abstract

Unsaturated polyester (UP) resin has been blended with phenolic resin (PF) resole type at various ratios to obtain a homogeneous blend with improved flame resistance compared to its parent polymers. The polymer blend was reinforced with 20 wt% kenaf using hand lay out technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to characterize changes in the chemical structure of the synthesized composites. The thermal properties of the composites were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal stability of UP/PF kenaf composites co-varies with the PF content, as shown by the degradation temperature at 50 % weight loss. The char yield of the composites increases linearly with PF content as shown by the TGA results. The flammability properties of the composites were determined using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 fire tests. The LOI increased with the PF content while the composites exhibit improved flame retardancy as demonstrated by UL-94 test. The mechanical and morphological properties of the composites were determined by tensile test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The tensile strength and the Young’s modulus of the blend/composites slightly decreased with increasing PF content albeit higher than PF/kenaf fiber composites.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, 81310, Malaysia

    M. M. Marliana, Azman Hassan & I. M. Inuwa

  2. Department of Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Pahang, 26400, Malaysia

    M. Y. Nor Yuziah

  3. School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia

    H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, M. I. Syakir & M. K. Mohamad Haafiz

  4. Cluster for Polymer Composites, Science and Engineering Research Centre, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 14300, Malaysia

    H. P. S. Abdul Khalil

Authors
  1. M. M. Marliana
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  2. Azman Hassan
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  3. M. Y. Nor Yuziah
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  4. H. P. S. Abdul Khalil
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  5. I. M. Inuwa
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  6. M. I. Syakir
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  7. M. K. Mohamad Haafiz
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Correspondence to Azman Hassan.

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Marliana, M.M., Hassan, A., Yuziah, M.Y.N. et al. Flame retardancy, Thermal and mechanical properties of Kenaf fiber reinforced Unsaturated polyester/Phenolic composite. Fibers Polym 17, 902–909 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-016-5888-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-016-5888-y

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