Abstract
Eight multi-layer, flame resistant fabrics were tested for thermal protective performance (TPP) and total heat loss (THL) under four levels of moisture content of the fabrics. Moisture level in the fabrics was statistically significant correlated with both TPP and THL values. With moisture level taken into account, there was no significant negative correlation between TPP and THL. The relation between thermal protection and total heat loss performances of multi-layer fire resistant fabrics was much more complicated considered with variable factors of user situation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. Barker, “A Review of Gaps and Limitations in Test Method for First Responder Protective Clothing and Equipment”, 1st ed., pp.1–84, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NC, 2005.
J. H. Veghte, Ph.D Dissertation, Janesville Apparel, Dayton, 1981.
R. Lawson, Perform. Prot. Cloth: ASTM STP, 1273, 334 (1997).
R. Rossi in “Textiles for Protection” (R. A. Scott Eds.), Vol. 1, pp.233–260, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, 2005.
R. Perkins, Text. Res. J., 49, 202 (1979).
D. A. Torvi, J. D. Dale, and B. Faulkner, J. Fire Prot. Eng., 10, 1 (1999).
C. M. Sawcyn and D. A. Torvi, Text. Res. J., 79, 632 (2009).
G. Song, J. Ind. Text., 36, 193 (2007).
Y. Wang, Y. Lu, J. Li, and J. Pan, Fiber. Polym., 13, 647 (2012).
L. Xin, X. Li, and J. Li, Fiber. Polym., 15, 2225 (2014).
C. Keiser, C. Becker, and R. M. Rossi, Text. Res. J., 78, 604 (2008).
Y. M. Lee and R. L. Barker, J. Fire Sci., 4, 315 (1986).
R. M. Perkins, Text. Res. J., 49, 202 (1979).
H. Mäkinen, J. Smolander, and H. Vuorinen, Perform. Prot. Cloth: ASTM STP, 989, 415 (1988).
L. K. Lawson, E. M. Crown, M. Y. Ackerman, and J. D. Dale, Int. J. Occup. Safe Ergon., 10, 227 (2004).
R. L. Barker, C. Guerth-Schacher, R. V. Grimes, and H. Hamouda, Text. Res. J., 76, 27 (2006).
S. Guowen, S. Paskaluk, R. Sati, and J. D. Dale, Text. Res. J., 81, 311 (2010).
X. Li, Y. Lu, J. Li, Y. Wang, and L. Zhou, Fiber. Polym., 13, 549 (2012).
J. Stull, Perform. Prot. Cloth: ASTM STP, 1386, 557 (2000).
A. Cardello, Military Text., 71 (2008).
R. Rossi, Text Prot., 4, 233 (2005).
A. Morel, G. Bedek, F. Salaün, and D. Dupont, Ergonomics, 57, 1078 (2014).
A. Converset, Ph.D Dissertation, Paris-V, Paris, 2009.
A. M. Raimundo and A. R. Figueiredo, Fire Saf. J., 44, 514 (2009).
R. Bove, Fire Eng., 150, 130 (2008).
NFPA1971-2013, Standard on Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire Fighting. National Fire Protection Association, 2013.
NFPA1971-2000, Standard on Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire Fighting. National Fire Protection Association, 2000.
B. Holcombe and B. Hoschke, Text. Res. J., 53, 368 (1983).
R. F. Goldman in “Elsevier Ergonomics”, 1st ed. (Y. Tochihara and T. Ohnaka Eds.), pp.315–319, Elsevier Science, Kyushu, 2005.
E. A. McCullough, Int. Text. Appa. Asso., 60, 4 (2003).
K. Slater, Perform. Prot. Cloth: ASTM STP, 1237, 486 (1996).
T. M. McLellan and G. A. Selkirk, Ind. Health, 44, 414 (2006).
D. R. Airey, J. Occup. Accid., 11, 269 (1990).
W. A. Lotens in “Research Study Group 7 on Bio-Medical Research Aspects of Military Protective Clothing”, 1st ed. (R. F. Goldman and B. Kampmann Eds.), Vol. 1, pp.1–15, US, 2007.
ASTM D1777-96, Standard Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1996.
ISO9237-1995, Textiles-Determination of the Permeability of Fabrics to Air, International Standardization Organization, 1995.
A. M. Stoll and M. A. Chianta, Aerosp. Med., 40, 1232 (1969).
ASTM F1868-09, Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate, American Society for Testing and Materials, 2009.
J. J. Sacco, J. Botten, F. Macbeth, A. Bagust, and P. Clark, PLos One, 5, e8933 (2010).
M. Weder, P. A. Brühwiler, and A. Laib, Text. Res. J., 76, 18 (2006).
F. P. Incropera, D. P. DeWitt, T. L. Bergma, and A. S. Lavine, “Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer”, 6th ed., p.1570, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2007.
G. Song, P. Chitrphiromsri, and D. Ding, Int. J. Occup. Safe Ergonom., 14, 89 (2008).
D. A. Torvi, Ph.D Dissertation, UA, Albeta, 1997.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xin, L., Li, J. The relation between thermal protection performance and total heat loss of multi-layer flame resistant fabrics with the effect of moisture considered. Fibers Polym 17, 289–297 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-016-5360-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-016-5360-z