Abstract
In this paper we present the experimental research findings on droplet collision behavior of water of different quality typically used in industrial process cycles. We explore the boundary conditions between interaction regimes as well as droplet collision characteristics. In the experiments, we varied the droplet sizes, velocities, and impact angles in the ranges that are typical of industrial applications. The following liquids were used: tap water, snow melt water, two types of mineral water of low (4–7 g/l) and medium (12–18.5 g/l) mineralization level. For these liquids, we recorded the droplet collision regimes (coalescence, bounce, disruption, and separation) as well as the number and size of secondary fragments. We determined how these liquids differed in terms of droplet collision regimes and secondary droplet size distribution. The liquid surface areas were calculated before and after collision.
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Abbreviations
- a :
-
Activity coefficient
- A X :
-
Debye-Hückel parameter
- b :
-
Linear approach parameter, mm
- B :
-
Dimensionless linear interaction parameter
- GE :
-
Excess Gibbs energy, J
- I X :
-
Mole fraction ionic strength
- k :
-
Constant (Clegg and Pitzer 1992)
- K, K 1 :
-
Coefficients describing the interaction between solvent and ions
- N :
-
Number of newly formed droplets
- n i :
-
Molar quantity of i-th substance, mol
- r d :
-
Child droplet radius, mm
- R :
-
Molar gas constant, J/(mol∙K)
- R d1, R d2 :
-
Radii of interacting droplets, mm
- S 0, S 1 :
-
Total area of droplet surface before and after interaction, m2
- S 1/S 0 :
-
Ratio of areas after and before collision
- T gas :
-
Temperature of gaseous medium in the droplet interaction zone, °C
- T liq :
-
Liquid temperature, °C
- U d1, U d2 :
-
Velocities of interacting droplets, m/s
- U rel :
-
Relative velocity of droplets, m/s
- V 0 :
-
Droplet volume before interaction, m3
- V 1 :
-
Droplet volume after interaction, m3
- We:
-
Weber number
- X :
-
Coefficient describing the interaction between solvent and ions
- Y :
-
Coefficient describing the interaction between solvent and ions
- zz 1 :
-
Cation–anion coefficients
- Z :
-
Coefficient describing the interaction between solvent and ions
- αd :
-
Impact angle, °
- β:
-
Dimensionless angular interaction parameter
- Δ:
-
Droplets radii relation
- µ:
-
Dynamic viscosity, Pa∙s;
- ρ:
-
Density, kg/m3;
- σ:
-
Surface tension, N/m
- fps:
-
Frames per second
- BO:
-
Bounce
- CO:
-
Coalescence
- DI:
-
Disruption
- SE:
-
Separation
- SS:
-
Stretching separation
- RS:
-
Reflexive separation
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The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project 18–71-10002-π, https://rscf.ru/en/project/21-71-03001/).
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Highlights
• Mineral water characterized by the formation of a thin isthmus between droplets.
• With a decrease of water mineralization, the duration of droplet fragmentation increases.
• For snow melt water, a bounce region at We = 20–40 and B > 0.7 was discovered.
• The critical We for the fragmentation mode at a high water salinity lower by 28–37%.
• A high water mineralization contributes to an increase in the S1/S0 as compared to snow melt water.
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Kropotova, S.S., Tkachenko, P.P. & Strizhak, P.A. The Effect of Impurities on Water Droplet Collision Regimes and Behavior. Microgravity Sci. Technol. 34, 54 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-022-09974-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-022-09974-z