Abstract
In this paper, steady thermocapillary-buoyancy convection of a volatile liquid layer in the case of a two-dimensional enclosed cavity subjected to horizontal temperature gradient is numerically investigated by using the finite difference method. A two-phase model with convective diffusion of vapor in consideration is fully developed. Kinetic theory of gases and vapor-diffusion-limited phase change are used to describe mass flux on the liquid-gas interface, and the latter is validated to play a dominating role in phase change. Numerical results reveal that transition from unicellular flow to multicellular flow in liquid layer is due to the increasing thermocapillary effect, while increasing buoyancy effect has a major impact on gas flow, which can separate the convection in gas phase into a two-layer flow. Evaporation and condensation occur at the interface and the mass flux distribution is bound up with the convective patterns in liquid layer. For a large imposed temperature gradient, the interfacial mass flux fluctuates in the core region with its amplitudes gradually amplifying from the cold to hot side. Thermal boundary effect on temperature and mass flux distribution close to the end walls is discussed. We also simulate a corresponding model ignoring phase change and vapor transport, and find the phase change tends to stabilize the thermocapillary-buoyancy flows due to the reduction of interfacial temperature gradient caused by the latent heat absorbed and released along the interface.
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Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos.11532015, U1738119), the China’s Manned Space Program (TZ-1) and the Joint Project of CMSA-ESA Cooperation on Utilization in Space.
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Xu, G., Liu, Q., Qin, J. et al. Numerical Study of Thermocapillary-Buoyancy Convection of Volatile Liquid Layer in an Enclosed Cavity. Microgravity Sci. Technol. 32, 305–319 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-019-09763-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-019-09763-1