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Two types of morphing wing designs based on multistage displacement amplification mechanisms

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Abstract

In this paper, two preliminary designs of morphing wings based on multistage displacement amplification mechanisms (DAMs) are proposed, and their characteristics are evaluated by analytical modeling and experiments. The first design of a morphing wing (Re-MOW) is based on two-stage rhombus-type DAMs. In the first stage, a retraction-type electrothermal actuator (ReACT) consisting of a diamond-shaped displacement amplification structure (DAS) and an actuating bar that is thermally expanded by thin-film heaters is applied. In the second stage, the retraction displacement of the ReACT is again amplified by wings with rhombic DAS. The second morphing wing design (Ex-MOW) is based on a chevron and rhombus-shaped DAS. In the first stage, an extension-type electrothermal actuator (ExACT) operated by a diamond-shaped DAS consisting of a pair of V-shaped chevron beams and supporting bars is applied. Similar to the Re-MOW, the deformation of the ExACT is again amplified by the four flat wings assembled in a rhombus in the second stage. In the analysis results, it was deduced that the wing thicknesses of Re-MOW and Ex-MOW were amplified by 22.6 times and 21.2 times, respectively, compared to the thermal expansion length of the actuating bar and chevron beam. Afterward, the morphing wings were fabricated using a 3D printer with polyamide as the material, and their amplification ratio and total deformation as temperature and time are measured at various input voltages. In the experimental results, the thickness changes of the Re-MOW and Ex-MOW reached approximately 14 and 32 % of the initial total thickness of the wing, respectively.

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Acknowledgments

This study was conducted with the support of the National Research Foundation of Korea through the funding of the Ministry of Science and ICT in 2022 (NRF-2022R1F1A1072294).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Advanced Meta-Materials (CAMM), Daejeon, Korea

    Yehrin Jo

  2. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do, Korea

    Yongdae Kim

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  1. Yehrin Jo
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  2. Yongdae Kim
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Correspondence to Yongdae Kim.

Additional information

Yehrin Jo received a B.S. degree from Kyungil University in 2020 and a M.S. degree from Kyungil University in 2022 as a microactuator based on mechanical metamaterials. Since then, she has been conducting research on the metamaterial manufacturing (printing, synthetic) process at Center for Advanced Meta-Materials (CAMM).

Yongdae Kim is currently an Associate Professor at the School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Kyungil University (KIU) in Republic of Korea. Prior to his recent appointment at the KIU, he was a Senior Researcher at the Agency for Defense Development. Prof. Yongdae Kim received the B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Chung-Ang University in 2005 and the M.S. degree and the Ph.D. degree in Aerospace Engineering from KAIST in 2007 and 2010, respectively. His areas of interests include harsh environment micro- and small-scale sensors and actuators.

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Jo, Y., Kim, Y. Two types of morphing wing designs based on multistage displacement amplification mechanisms. J Mech Sci Technol 37, 2993–3004 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0525-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0525-3

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