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Liquid-cooled cold plate for a Li-ion battery thermal management system designed by topology optimization

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Abstract

Modern commercial electric vehicles often have a liquid-based BTMS with excellent heat transfer efficiency and cooling or heating ability. Use of cooling plate has proved to be an effective approach. In the present study, we propose a novel liquid-cold plate employing a topological optimization design based on the globally convergent version of the method of moving asymptotes (GCMMA) method. Comparison with a traditional liquid-cold plate with straight cooling channels revealed that the topology-optimized configuration provides more uniform temperature distribution on the cold plate surface by reducing 48 % of the maximum temperature difference and 57 % of the temperature standard deviation for Q0 = 1255 W/m2. This shows that the topology optimization method is a useful and high-efficiency approach for the innovative design of liquid-cooling plates used for battery thermal management.

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Abbreviations

A c :

Cross-sectional area of channel (m2)

C P :

Specific heat capacity of fluid (J/kg·K)

D h :

Hydraulic diameter (mm)

E 0 :

Viscous dissipation in straight channel (W/m)

h :

Height of channel (mm)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W/m·K)

k max :

Thermal conductivity of solid (W/m·K)

k min :

Thermal conductivity of liquid (W/m·K)

L :

Length of cold plate (mm)

P :

Cross-sectional perimeter of channel (m)

Q 0 :

Volumetric heat source from battery (W/m3)

q :

Darcy penalization parameter

R min :

Filter radius (mm)

T :

Temperature of design domain (°C)

T avg :

Average temperature of design domain (°C)

T σ :

Temperature standard deviation on cold plate surface (°C)

u :

Fluid velocity field (m/s)

V f :

Volume fraction of fluid

v in :

Average inlet velocity (m/s)

W :

Width of cold plate (mm)

w :

Width of channel (mm)

α :

Material resistance coefficient (Pa·s/m2)

α max :

Solid material resistance coefficient (Pa·s/m2)

α min :

Fluid material resistance coefficient (Pa·s/m2)

(ΔT)max :

Maximum temperature difference on cold plate surface (°C)

η :

Dynamic viscosity of liquid (Pa·s)

θ :

Design variable of topology optimization

θ β :

Projection point

θ c :

Variable before filter

θ f :

Design parameter after PDE filter

θ h :

Variable after projection

ρ :

Density of fluid (kg/m3)

Ω:

Design domain

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government (MOTIE) (20202020900060), the Development and Application of Operational Technology in Smart Farm Utilizing Waste Heat from Particulates Reduced Smokestack. Yijun Wang is a recipient of China Scholarship Council Scholarship (CSC number: 202208260076).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea

    Yijun Wang, Peyman Gholamali Zadeh & Jae Dong Chung

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vietnam Maritime University, Hai Phong, 18000, Vietnam

    Xuan Quang Duong

Authors
  1. Yijun Wang
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  2. Xuan Quang Duong
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  3. Peyman Gholamali Zadeh
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  4. Jae Dong Chung
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jae Dong Chung.

Additional information

Yijun Wang received her M.S. degree in the Department of Naval Architecture from Kunsan National University, Korea in 2021. She is currently in a Ph.D. course at Sejong University. Her research interests include battery thermal management systems, thermal storage system and topology optimization.

Xuan Quang Duong is a Lecturer in Vietnam Maritime University. He received the B.E. and M.S. degrees from Vietnam Maritime University, Hai Phong, Vietnam, in 2010 and 2014, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2019, all in Mechanical Engineering. His research interests include thermal driven system such as adsorption chiller or thermal storage system using heat and mass transfer, biomass, robotics and mechanical design.

Peyman Gholamali Zadeh received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Sejong University, Seoul, Korea in 2021. He is currently in Ph.D. course in Sejong University. His research interests include thermal driven system such as adsorption chiller, air conditioning systems, and battery thermal management systems.

Jae Dong Chung is a Professor in Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University. He received Ph.D. from Seoul National University in 1996. His research interests include sensible, latent and thermoschemical energy storage systems, heat-driven refrigeration system such as desiccant and adsorption cooling, and mathematical modeling in heat transfer, etc. On those topics, he has published about 230 refereed papers.

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Wang, Y., Duong, X.Q., Zadeh, P.G. et al. Liquid-cooled cold plate for a Li-ion battery thermal management system designed by topology optimization. J Mech Sci Technol 37, 2079–2086 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0343-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0343-7

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