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Numerical investigation on subcooled boiling heat transfer coefficient of water-ethanol mixture by CISCAM technique

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Abstract

The subcooled flow boiling (SFB) of a water-ethanol mixture are relevant in operating heat-dissipating devices, such as smaller catalytic reactors, electronic apparatus, and hybrid electric vehicle battery components. The operative temperature should always be at a sustainable value to evade the failure or breakdown of these heat-dissipating devices. To cool these devices, a water-ethanol mixture is used as a coolant. The forced convective as well as SFB heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) for the water-ethanol mixture are estimated numerically using the volume of fluid method in a rectangular channel with dimensions of 15 mm×15 mm×150 mm. During SFB, the liquid-vapor interaction is examined by solving the bubble void fraction (BVF). For the discretization process, the Crank-Nicholson implicit method (scheme) is used, and the convective equation for the BVF is converted to an algebraic equation. The corrector predictor equation procedure is used for solving the BVF. The thermodynamic and thermophysical parameters related to subcooled boiling are estimated upon the incorporation of the bubble void fraction (α) using the mixture rule. These parameters are then incorporated into the x-momentum equation as well as into the energy equation for finding the fluid temperature, velocity, and pressure drop values. From the estimated values of temperature, subcooled flow boiling HTC is obtained. The estimated values of HTC can predict well compared with that of empirical equations. Moreover, mass flux plays a vital role in the forced convective region, while heat flux has a crucial role in the SFB region for the improvement of HTC.

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Abbreviations

BVF :

Bubble void fraction

CICSAM :

Compressive interface capturing scheme for arbitrary meshes

DFM4 :

Four-equation drift flux model

GWP :

Global warming potential

HTC :

Heat transfer coefficient

ODP :

Ozone depletion potential

QUICK :

Quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinematics

SIMPLE :

Semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations

SFB :

Subcooled flow boiling

VOF :

Volume of fluid

α :

Bubble void fraction

α D :

Bubble void fraction in grid center

\(\widetilde {{\alpha _D}}\) :

Normalized bubble void fractions of donor cell

α * f :

Newer bubble void fraction inside face cell

a f :

Bubble void fraction in face center

\(\widetilde {{\alpha _f}}\) :

Normalized bubble void fractions of face cell

\({{\tilde \alpha }_{fBC}}\) :

Bubble void fraction at face center for fulfilling bound-edness criterion

\({{\tilde \alpha }_{fQuick}}\) :

Bubble void fraction at face center for fulfilling conservative criterion with the usage of QUICK scheme

β f :

Weighing factor

β ′ f :

New weighing factor

β * f :

Corrected weighing factor

μ :

Viscosity

θ f :

Contact angle

Bo :

Boiling number

c :

Courant number

C p :

Specific heat

d h :

Hydraulic diameter of the channel

E − E + :

Magnitude of boundless void value

F :

Reynolds factor

G :

Mass flux

h tp :

Heat transfer coefficient in two-phase

h fc :

Heat transfer coefficient in forced convection

l m :

Mixture in liquid phase

k l :

Thermal conductivity of liquid

m :

Mass flow rate

Nu :

Nusselt number

Pr :

Prandtl number

q″:

Heat flux

Re :

Reynolds number

Δt :

Change in time period

T b :

Bubble point temperature

T d :

Dew point temperature

T f :

Fluid temperature

T W :

Wall temperature

u in :

Inlet velocity

l m :

Mixture in vapor phase

Δx :

Distance between grid points in x-direction

Δy :

Distance between grid points in y-direction

z* :

Dimensionless length

T W :

Wall temperature

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Acknowledgments

The corresponding author would like to thank wholeheartedly Prof. (Dr.) Giridhara Gaikwad, Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, BMS College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560019, for his immense support for the completion of this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, BMS College of Engineering, Bull Temple Road, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560019, India

    Suhas Badakere Gopalakrishna, Chidanand Kishor Mangrulkar & Kiran Kumar Kapse Umashankar

  2. National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, NH 66, Srinivasnagar, Surathkal, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575025, India

    Sathyabhama Alangar

Authors
  1. Suhas Badakere Gopalakrishna
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  2. Chidanand Kishor Mangrulkar
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  3. Kiran Kumar Kapse Umashankar
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  4. Sathyabhama Alangar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suhas Badakere Gopalakrishna.

Additional information

Suhas B. G. completed B.E. in Mechanical Engineering from PESIT, Banashankari III Stage Campus in June 2006, M.Tech. in Thermal Engineering from NITK, Surathkal, Mangalore in June 2013, and Ph.D. in Heat Transfer from NITK, Surathkal, Mangalore in Feb. 2018. His research interests are boiling heat transfer, analysis of heat exchanger performance, refrigeration systems, IC engines, and solar energy. Currently, he is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, BMS. College of Engineering, Bull Temple Road, Bengaluru 560019.

Chidanand Mangrulkar completed B.E. in Mechanical Engineering from R.T.M. Nagpur University in 2008. After working as a quality inspector at Jyoti Structures Ltd., Nasik, he completed his M.Tech. in Heat Power Engineering and Ph.D. in Thermal Engineering from R.T.M. Nagpur University in 2013 and Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (V.N.I.T.) Nagpur in 2019, respectively. His research interests are convective heat transfer, fluid dynamics, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), compact heat exchangers, and allied areas. Currently, he is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bull Temple Road, Bengaluru 560019.

Kiran Kumar K. U. pursued B.E. in Mechanical Engineering from BMS. College of Engineering, Bull Temple Road, Bengaluru 560019. He then completed M.Tech. in Thermal Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai in June 2012. His research interests are heat transfer and fluid mechanics. Currently, he is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, BMS. College of Engineering, Bull Temple Road, Bengaluru 560019.

Sathyabhama A. pursued B.E. in Mechanical Engineering from PES College of Engineering, Mandya, Karnataka, India and M.Tech. and Ph.D. in Thermal Engineering from the National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK). Currently, she is working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, NITK Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Her research interests are boiling heat transfer and wind energy. She has guided several postgraduate and Ph.D. students.

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Gopalakrishna, S.B., Mangrulkar, C.K., Umashankar, K.K.K. et al. Numerical investigation on subcooled boiling heat transfer coefficient of water-ethanol mixture by CISCAM technique. J Mech Sci Technol 37, 2055–2067 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0341-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0341-9

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