Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Re-rounding analysis of API X60 pipelines containing an unconstrained dent subjected to internal pressure using finite element method

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As a common defect on pipelines, a dent normally re-rounds under internal pressure, which impacts the integrity of a dented pipeline. In this study, a 3D finite element (FE) model of an X60 dented pipeline under internal pressure was established. The stress/strain distributions and displacement variation of the indentation region due to re-rounding were examined. Moreover, the effects of dent depth, diameter-to-thickness ratio, and internal pressure on the dent re-rounding performance were analyzed. The prediction equation of dent geometry parameters due to re-rounding was proposed. The results reveal that the stress/strain distribution in the dented area is strongly impacted by the re-rounding behavior. In addition, re-rounding on the deformed region to decrease the diameter-to-thickness ratio becomes increasingly difficult. The internal pressure may cause a significant change in the dent length during the re-rounding process. The prediction equation can provide a reference for computing the dent geometric dimension after re-rounding.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

D :

Pipe diameter

t :

Pipe wall thickness

L :

Dent length

ΔL :

Re-rounding value of the dent length

L 0 :

Dent length after spring back

L 1 :

Dent length after re-rounding

d :

Dent depth

Δd :

Re-rounding value of the dent depth

d 0 :

Dent depth after spring back

d 1 :

Dent depth after re-rounding

E :

Young’s modulus

P :

Internal pressure

ε 1 :

Circumferential bending strain at the dent region

ε 2 :

Axial bending strain at the dent region

ε 3 :

Axial extensional strain at the dent region

References

  1. J. Zhang, Y. Chen, B. F. Liang and B. Pan, Damage evolution mechanism of buried pipeline crossing reverse fault, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 35(1) (2021) 71–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. I. J. Kim, Y. C. Jang, Y. Y. Jang, J. H. Moon and N. S. Huh, Estimation of tensile strain capacity for thin-walled API X70 pipeline with corrosion defects using the fracture strain criteria, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 34(7) (2020) 2801–2812.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Y. Garbatov and C. G. Soares, Fatigue reliability of dented pipeline based on limited experimental data, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 155 (2017) 15–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. P. Zhao, J. Shuai, Z. Lv and K. Xu, Strain response of API 5L X80 pipeline subjected to indentation, Applied Ocean Research, 94 (2020) 101991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. B. Pinheiro, C. G. Soares and I. Pasqualino, Generalized expressions for stress concentration factors of pipeline plain dents under cyclic internal pressure, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 170 (2019) 82–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. P. Zhang, Y. Huang and Y. Wu, Springback coefficient research of API X60 pipe with dent defect, Energies, 11(11) (2018) 3213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. D. B. Noronha, R. R. Martins, B. P. Jacob and Ed. Souza, Procedures for the strain based assessment of pipeline dents, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 87(5) (2010) 254–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. A. J. Rinehart and P. B. Keating, Length effects on fatigue behavior of longitudinal pipeline dents, 4th International Pipeline Conference, Calgary, Canada (2002).

  9. C. Okoloekwe, N. Aranas, M. Kainat, D. Langer, S. Hassanien, J. J. R. Cheng and S. Adeeb, Improvements to the ASME B31.8 dent strain equations, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 140(4) (2018) 041101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Durowoju, Y. Pu, S. Benson and J. Race, Fatigue assessment of pipeline with plain dents under cyclic pressure loading using finite element method, 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, Busan, Korea (2016).

  11. A. L. Bastard, Influence of internal pressure for depth measurement on a dent, 6th International Pipeline Conference, Calgary, Canada (2006).

  12. M. J. Rosenfeld, Investigations of dent re-rounding behavior, 2nd International Pipeline Conference, Calgary, Canada (1998).

  13. W. Hanif and S. Kenny, Mechanical damage and fatigue assessment of dented pipelines using FEA, 10th International Pipeline Conference, Calgary, Canada (2014).

  14. B. Bolton, V. Semiga, S. Tiku, A. Dinovitzer and J. Zhou, Full scale cyclic fatigue testing of dented pipelines and development of a validated dented pipe finite element model, 8th International Pipeline Conference, Calgary, Canada (2010).

  15. J. H. Baek, Y. P. Kim, W. S. Kim, J. M. Koo and C. S. Seok, Load bearing capacity of API X65 pipe with dent defect under internal pressure and in-plane bending, Materials Science and Engineering A, 540 (2012) 70–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Allouti, C. Schmitt, G. Pluvinage, J. Gilgert and S. Hariri, Study of the influence of dent depth on the critical pressure of pipeline, Engineering Failure Analysis, 21 (2012) 40–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Azadeh and F. Taheri, On the response of dented stainless-steel pipes subject to cyclic bending moments and its prediction, Thin-Walled Structures, 99 (2016) 12–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. P. Zhao, J. Shuai, M. Sun, Z. Lv, K. Xu and Y. Wang, Burst pressure of thin-walled pipes with dent and gouge defects, Thin-Walled Structures, 159 (2021) 107213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Zeinoddini, M. Ezzati and J. Fakheri, Uniaxial strain ratcheting behavior of dented steel tubular: an experimental study, Engineering Failure Analysis, 44 (2014) 202–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Naghipour, M. Ezzati and M. Elyasi, Analysis of high-strength pressurized pipes (API-5L-X80) with local gouge and dent defect, Applied Ocean Research, 78 (2018) 33–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. P. Zhang, Y. Huang, Y. Wu and H. S. Mohamed, Investigations on the re-rounding performance of dented-pipelines at the service and shutdown stages, Engineering Failure Analysis, 116 (2020) 104746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50974105), the Major Consultation and Research Project of China Academy of Engineering (2011-ZD-20), the Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Programs in Colleges and Universities (20105121110003), and Graduate Innovation Fund of Southwest Petroleum University of China (No. 2020CXZD02).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China

    Yunfei Huang

  2. School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China

    Peng Zhang

Authors
  1. Yunfei Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peng Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peng Zhang.

Additional information

Peng Zhang is a Post Doctor of the School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China. He received his Ph.D. in Structural Mechanics from Harbin Institute of Technology. He is currently a Professor of Civil Engineering at Southwest Petroleum University. His research interests include pipeline system integrity management, working performance and mechanical behavior of structures, and reliability and global optimization design of aseismic structures and systems.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Huang, Y., Zhang, P. Re-rounding analysis of API X60 pipelines containing an unconstrained dent subjected to internal pressure using finite element method. J Mech Sci Technol 35, 4467–4475 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0917-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0917-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation