Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A numerical study on the soot and combustion performance of a diesel engine with pip shape

  • Published:
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The shape of the combustion chamber plays an important role in the formation of the air-fuel mixture in the chamber, which has a great influence on the combustion efficiency and emission formation. The pip is a protruding shape at the center of the combustion chamber, and its importance has been evaluated to be relatively low. There has also been little research on off-highway diesel engines in comparison with on-highway diesel engines. When a high-pressure injection system is used in an off-highway diesel engine, which injects more fuel than on-highway engines, the shape of the pip greatly affects the mixture spray momentum and air flow in the combustion chamber. In this study, the pip geometry of a 2.4-liter off-highway engine was modified using three shapes: a step cone, W shape, and egg shape. We used 3-D combustion simulations to analyze the effects of the pip geometry on the mixture formation and combustion efficiency. We also analyzed the influence of the height and corner angle of the pip on the combustion and emission based on the egg shape, which was the most efficient. The results of this study could be used as a guide in designing combustion chambers for diesel engines.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B. Fasolo, A.–M. Doisy, A. Dupont and F. Lavoisier, Combustion system optimization of a new 2 liter diesel engine for EURO IV, SAE Transactions, 114 (2005) 670–679.

    Google Scholar 

  2. E. Lee, S. Kwak, M. Kim, S. Joo, J. Chun, S. Pae, J. Yu and J. Grimm, The new 2.0 l and 2.2 l four–cylinder diesel engine family of Hyundai–Kia, MTZ Worldwide, 70 (2009) 14–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Y. Li, Z. Cai, Y. Li, Y. Li and X. Zhang, Increasing a diesel engine power output by combustion system optimization, SAE Technical Paper (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  4. H. Li, J. Lyu, Y. Li and L. Zhong, Combustion system optimization across multiple speed/load points on a V8 heavyduty diesel engine, SAE Technical Paper (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  5. D. D. Wickman, P. K. Senecal and R. D. Reitz, Diesel engine combustion chamber geometry optimization using genetic algorithms and multi–dimensional spray and combustion modeling, SAE Technical Paper (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  6. N. J. Boyarski and R. D. Reitz, Premixed compression ignition (PCI) combustion with modeling–generated piston bowl geometry in a diesel engine, SAE Technical Paper (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  7. G. Bianchi, P. Pelloni, F. E. Corcione, E. Mattarelli and F. L. Bertoni, Numerical study of the combustion chamber shape for common rail HSDI diesel engines, SAE Technical Paper (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  8. A. De Risi, T. Donateo and D. Laforgia, Optimization of the combustion chamber of direct injection diesel engines, Optimization, 1 (2003) 1064.

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. Styron, B. Baldwin, B. Fulton, D. Ives and S. Ramanathan, Ford 2011 6.7 L power stroke® diesel engine combustion system development, SAE Technical Paper (2011).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  10. P. C. Miles and Ö. Andersson, A review of design considerations for light–duty diesel combustion systems, International Journal of Engine Research (2015) 1468087415604754.

    Google Scholar 

  11. I. Middlemiss, Characteristics of the Perkins 'squish lip' direct injection combustion system, SAE Technical Paper, (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  12. D. Stock and R. Bauder, The new Audi 5–cylinder turbo diesel engine: The first passenger car diesel engine with second generation direct injection, SAE Technical Paper (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  13. D. Shimo, M. Kataoka and H. Fujimoto, Effect of cooling of burned gas by vertical vortex on NOx reduction in small DI diesel engines, SAE Technical Paper (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  14. P. Béard, K. Mokaddem and T. Baritaud, Measurement and modeling of the flow–field in a DI diesel engine: Effects of piston bowl shape and engine speed, SAE Technical Paper (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  15. G. Cipolla, A. Vassallo, A. Catania, E. Spessa, C. Stan and L. Drischmann, Combined application of CFD modeling and pressure–based combustion diagnostics for the development of a low compression ratio high–performance diesel engine, SAE Technical Paper (2007).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Juttu, S. Thipse, N. Marathe, G. B. MK and Ö. Andersson, CFD study of combustion chambers for lower engine exhaust emissions from diesel engines operated in HCCI and conventional diesel mode, SAE Technical Paper (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  17. O. Andersson, J. Somhorst, R. Lindgren, R. Blom and M. Ljungqvist, Development of the Euro 5 combustion system for volvo cars' 2.4. I diesel engine, SAE Technical Paper (2009).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  18. S.–C. V4.20, User guide, CD–Adapco (Ed.), Melville, New–York, USA (2014).

  19. J. Lee, S. Lee, J. Park and T. Wang, A characteristic study and optimization of in–cylinder configuration for particulate matters reduction in an off–highway diesel engine with mechanical fuel injection system, Proc. of the Inst. of Mechanical Engineering, Part D: J of Automobile Eng, 231 (2017) 798–809.

    Google Scholar 

  20. S. Lee, J. Lee, S. Hwang, T. Wang and Y. Lee, Design of combustion bowl geometry to meet final Tier 4 of 11L nonroad heavy–duty diesel engine with multi–dimensional combustion simulation, J. of Mechanical Science and Technology, 30 (2016) 4373–4382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. R. Reitz and R. Diwakar, Effect of droplet breakup on fuel sprays, SAE Technical Paper, 860469 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  22. C. Bai and A. Gosman, Development of methodology for spray impingement simulation, SAE Technical Paper (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  23. S. Lee, H. Choi and J. Chung, The effects of injection timing and piston bowl shape on PHCCI combustion with split injections, SAE Technical Paper (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  24. W. Park, S. Lee, S. Choi, K. Min, H. Choi and S. Kim, Study on the effects of the in–cylinder EGR stratification on NOx and soot emissions in diesel engines, SAE Technical Paper (2011).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  25. O. Colin and A. Benkenida, The 3–zones extended coherent flame model (ECFM3Z) for computing premixed/diffusion combustion, Oil & Gas Science and Technology, 59 (2004) 593–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. O. Colin, A. P. da Cruz and S. Jay, Detailed chemistrybased auto–ignition model including low temperature phenomena applied to 3–D engine calculations, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 30 (2005) 2649–2656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. R. Manimaran, R. T. K. Raj and S. Kumar, Numerical analysis of direct injection diesel engine combustion using extended coherent flame 3–zone model, Research Journal of Recent Sciences ISSN, 2277 (2012) 2502.

    Google Scholar 

  28. X. Shi, G. Li and L. Zhou, DI diesel engine combustion modeling based on ECFM–3Z model, SAE Technical Paper (2007).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  29. W. Park, S. Lee, S. Choi and K. Min, Potential of incylinder exhaust gas recirculation stratification for combustion and emissions in diesel engines, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 226 (2012) 547–559.

    Google Scholar 

  30. A. Karlsson, I. Magnusson, M. Balthasar and F. Mauss, Simulation of soot formation under diesel engine conditions using a detailed kinetic soot model, SAE Technical Paper (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  31. S. Das, P. J. Houtz and R. D. Reitz, Effect of injection spray angle and combustion chamber geometry on engine performance and emission characteristics of a large bore diesel engine, ASME Intern Combust Engine DIV Publ ICE, 32 (1999) 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Robotics and Automation Engineering, Hoseo University, Dangjin, 37020, Korea

    Sangyul Lee & Hajin Kim

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myungji University, Yongin-si, 17046, Korea

    Minjae Kim

Authors
  1. Sangyul Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Minjae Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hajin Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Minjae Kim.

Additional information

Recommended by Associate Editor Hanho Song

Sangyul Lee obtained his B.S. (2006), M.S. (2008) and Ph.D. (2013) in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University, respectively. Presently he is an Assistant Professor in Robotics and Automation Engineering at Hoseo University, Dangjin, S. Korea.

Minjae Kim obtained his B.S. (2008) and M.S. (2010) in Electrical Engineering at Seoul National University, respectively. He obtained his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University in 2014. He is now a Professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering at Myongji University, Yongin, S. Korea.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lee, S., Kim, M. & Kim, H. A numerical study on the soot and combustion performance of a diesel engine with pip shape. J Mech Sci Technol 32, 5961–5972 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-018-1147-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-018-1147-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation