Abstract
This study explains the yarn pull-out process behavior of woven fabrics in relation to their mechanical properties. Empirical research on the relationship between the yarn pull-out behavior and fabric properties are evaluated, along with a detailed comparison of friction between the fabric fibers in static and dynamic modes. Samples are tested in three modes, namely, neat, dissolved liquid, and silica particle- based Shear thickening fluid (STF)-treated fabric. Accordingly, the presence of STF increases friction between the fabrics and the warp and weft yarns, as well as prevents the displacement of the yarns. Increased friction also leads to an increase in the energy absorption of the yarn pull-out process. In this research, the pull-out test has been performed at three different velocities: 50, 250 and 500 mm/min. Results show that increases in the pull-out velocity increase the pull-out force of the neat and dissolved liquid samples. By contrast, the behavior is completely opposite in the STF-treated sample. Comparing the yarn pull-out values indicates that the STF-treated samples have the highest value, which is approximately three times higher than that of the neat sample.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
N. Pan and M. Y. Yoon, Behavior of yarn pull-out from woven fabrics: Theoretical and experimental, Text. Res. J., 63 (11) (1993) 629–637.
K. M. Kirkwood, J. E. Kirkwood, S. L. Young, R. G. Egres Jr., E. D. Wetzel and N. J. Wagner, Yarn pull-out as a mechanism for dissipation of ballistic impact energy in Kevlar KM-2 fabric, Part I: Quasistatic characterization of yarn pull-out, Text. Res. J., 74 (2004) 920–928.
Y. Duan, M. Keefe, T. A. Bogetti and B. A. Cheeseman, Modeling friction effects on the ballistic impact behavior of a single-ply high-strength fabric, Int. J. Impact Eng., 31 (2005) 996–1012.
Z. Dong and C. T. Sun, Testing and modeling of yarn pullout in plain woven Kevlar fabrics, Composites A, 40 (2009) 1863–1869.
D. Zhu, C. Soranakom, B. Mobasher and S. D. Rajan, Experimental study and modeling of single yarn pull-out behavior of Kevlar 49 fabric, Composites A, 42 (2011) 868–879.
K. Bilisik, Properties of yarn pull-out in para-aramid fabric structure and analysis by statistical model, Composites A, 42 (2011) 1930–1942.
A. Srivastava, A. Majumdar and B. S. Butola, Improving the impact resistance performance of Kevlar fabrics using silica based shear thickening fluid, Materials Science and Engineering A, 529 (2011) 224–229.
A. Majumdar, B. S. Butola and A. Srivastava, An analysis of deformation and energy absorption modes of shear thickening fluid treated Kevlar fabrics as soft body armour materials, Materials and Design, 51 (2013) 148–153.
G. Nilakantan and J. W. Gillespie A Jr., Yarn pull-out behavior of plain woven Kevlar fabrics: Effect of yarn sizing, pull-out rate, and fabric pre-tension, Composite Structures, 101 (2013) 215–224.
G. Nilakantan, R. L. Merrill, M. Keefe, J. W. Gillespie Jr. and E. D. Wetzel, Experimental investigation of the role of frictional yarn pull-out and windowing on the probabilistic impact response of kevlar fabrics, Composites B (2014) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.composites b.2014.08.033.
X. Feng, S. Li, Y. Wang, Y. C. Wang and J. Liu, Effects of different silica particles on quasi-static stab resistant properties of fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluids, Materials and Design, 64 (2014) 456–461.
M. Valizadeh, S. A. H. Ravandi, M. Salimi and M. Sheikhzadeh, Determination of internal mechanical characteristics of woven fabrics using the force-balance analysis of yarn pull-out test, The Journal of The Textile Institute, 99 (2008) 47–55.
J. E. Kirkwood, K. M. Kirkwood, S. L. Young, R. G. Egres Jr., E. D. Wetzel and N. J. Wagner, Yarn pull-out as a mechanism for dissipation of ballistic impact energy in Kevlar KM-2 Fabric, Part I: Quasistatic prediction of ballistic performance, Text. Res. J., 74 (2004) 939–948.
N. Kordani and S. A. Vanini, Optimizing the ethanol content of shear thickening fluid/fabric composites under impact loading, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 28 (2) (2014) 1–5.
R. Alipour, A. F. Nejad and S. Izman, The reliability of finite element analysis result of the low impact test in predicting the energy absorption performance of thin-walled structures, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 29 (5) (2015) 2035–2045.
N. K. Naik, P. Shrirao and B. C. K. Reddy, Ballistic impact behavior of woven fabric composites: Formulation, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 32 (2006) 1521–1552.
K. W. Hou, J. L. Yang, H. Liu and Y. X. Sun, Energy absorption behavior of metallic staggered double-sine-wave tubes under axialcrushing, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 29 (6) (2015) 2439–2449.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Recommended by Editor Chongdu Cho
Naser Kordani is currently an Assistant Professor at the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Mazandaran. He obtained a doctorate in Mechanical Engineering from Amirkabir University in 2014. Dr. Kordani is the author or co-author of over 60 professional papers and books in Mechanical Engineering. His other research interests include the theoretical, numerical, and experimental analysis of composite structures.
Shahryar Alikarami is a manufacturing expert in Sharif Advanced Technologies Incubator in Iran. He obtained an M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering at the Science and Research branch of IAU in 2015. His main research interests include thermo-elasto-plastic analysis of structural elements made of FG materials. His other research pursuits include the theoretical, numerical and experimental analysis of composite structures.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alikarami, S., Kordani, N., SadoughVanini, A. et al. Effect of the yarn pull-out velocity of shear thickening fluid-impregnated Kevlar fabric on the coefficient of friction. J Mech Sci Technol 30, 3559–3565 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-016-0716-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-016-0716-2