Abstract
In order to study the damage mechanism of surrounding rocks under water-rock coupling, an experimental study on the microscopic law of water absorption and mechanics of sandy mudstone was carried out in the sandy mudstone stratum of Wanfu coal mine in Shandong, China. The results indicate that the strength of sandy mudstone exhibits three stages of relative softening, rapid softening, and decelerated softening. The speed of water molecules entering the microscopic pore structure was analyzed based on the percentage of water molecules in the pore structure. The acoustic emission energy release process is divided into energy accumulation stage, stable release stage and intense release stage. With the increase of water content saturation, Δα (Spectral width of the multifractal spectrum) tends to decrease and the distribution of events is gradually uniform. The action of water gradually expands and penetrates the cracks and pores inside the sandy mudstone, which makes Δf (Frequency of occurrence of the signal) change from negative to positive values.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmed Z, Wang S, Hashmi MZ, Zhang Z, Zhu C (2020) Causes, characterization, damage models, and constitutive modes for rock damage analysis: A review. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13:806, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05755-3
Bi J, Ning L, Zhao Y, Wu ZJ, Wang CL (2023) Analysis of the microscopic evolution of rock damage based on real-time nuclear magnetic resonance. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03238-x
Chen D, Wang EY, Li N (2019) Analysis of rupture mode and acoustic emission characteristic of rock and coal samples with holes. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 16(4):811–820, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0501-9
Chen SM, Wu AX, Wang YM, Chen X, Yan RF, Ma HJ (2018) Study on repair control technology of soft surrounding rock roadway and its application. Engineering Failure Analysis 92:443–455, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.06.006
Chen J, Ye YB, Pu YY, Xu WH, Mengli D (2022) Experimental study on uniaxial compression failure modes and acoustic emission characteristics of fissured sandstone under water saturation. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 119, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2022.103359
Coates GR, Xiao LZ, Prammer MG (1999) NMR Logging Principles and Applications Gulf Publishing Company, Texas
Fu J, Chen W, Tan Y, Wang J, Song W (2023) Experimental study on pore variation and meso-damage of saturated sandstone under unloading condition. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 56:4669–4695, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03293-4
He MC, Xie HP, Peng SP, Jiang YD (2005) Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 24(16):2803–2813 (in Chinese)
Hu SB, Wang EY, LI ZH, Shen RX, Liu J (2014) Time-varying multifactal characteristics and formation mechanism of loaded coal electromagnetic radiation. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 47(5):1821–1838, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0501-9
Huang X, Pang J (2021) Study on the change of physical properties of sandstone under action of acidic drying-wetting cycles and discrete element simulation. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 80:7773–7790, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02451-8
Hodot B (1966) Outburst of coal and coalbed gas (Chinese translation). China Coal Industry Press, Beijing
IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) (1994) Physical chemistry division commission on colloid and surface chemistry, subcommittee on characterization of porous solids: Recommendations for the characterization of porous solids (Technical Report). Pure Appl Chem 66(8):1739–1758
Jia ZQ, Ren L, Liu QY, Peng Y, Xu D, Zha ES (2017) Influence of water-soaking time on the acoustic emission characteristics and spatial fractal dimensions of coal under uniaxial compression. Thermal Science 21:S327–S334, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI17S1327J
Lei RD, Zhang ZY, Bert F, Ranjith PG, Liu L (2020) Cracking process and acoustic emission characteristics of sandstone with two parallel filled-flaws under biaxial compression. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 237, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2020.107253
Li XY, Lei XL, Li Q (2021a) Fault nucleation of tight sandstone by investigation of mechanical, acoustic, and hydraulic responses. Engineering Geology, 292, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106254
Li HR, Shen RX, Li DX, Jia HS, Li TX, Chen TQ, Hou ZH (2019) Acoustic emission multi-parameter analysis of dry and saturated sandstone with cracks under uniaxial compression. Energies 12(10), DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12101959
Li HR, Qiao YF, Shen RX, He MC (2022) Electromagnetic radiation signal monitoring and multi-fractal analysis during uniaxial compression of water-bearing sandstone. Measurement, 196, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111245
Li HR, Qiao YF, Shen RX, He MC, Cheng T, Xiao YM, Tang J (2021b) Effect of water on mechanical behavior and acoustic emission response of sandstone during loading process: Phenomenon and mechanism. Engineering Geology, 294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106386
Lin WG, Cheng JL, Li DL, Dang HB (2022) Deformation characteristics and control technology of roadway in water-rich soft rock. Geofluids, 2022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2234334
Liu ZX, Han KW, Yang S, Liu YX (2020) Fractal evolution mechanism of rock fracture in undersea metal mining. Journal of Central South University 27(4):1320–1333, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-020-4369-z
Liu DQ, Wang Z, Zhang XY, Wang Y, Zhang XL, Li D (2018) Experimental investigation on the mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of shale softened by water absorption. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 50:301–308, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2017.11.020
Lu Y, Wang L, Sun X, Wang J (2017) Experimental study of the influence of water and temperature on the mechanical behavior of mudstone and sandstone. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 76:645–660, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-016-0851-0
Luo D, Xie Y, Lu S, Su G (2022) Experimental study on the effects of water saturation on the microseismic and acoustic emission characteristics of sandstone in different stress states. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 55:6583–6603, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03001-8
Matteson A, Tomanic JP, Herron MM, Allen DF, Kenyon WE (2000) NMR relaxation of clay/brine mixtures. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 3:602–603, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2118/66185-PA
Qin XZ, Zhou Y, He MC (2020) Experimental study on mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of water bearing sandstone under stable cyclic loading and unloading. Shock and Vibration, 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9472656
Ranjith PG, Jasinge D, Choi SK, Mehic M, Shannon B (2010) The effect of CO2 saturation on mechanical properties of Australian black coal using acoustic emission. Fuel 89(8):2110–2117, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.03.025
Rathnaweera TD, Ranjith PG, Perera MSA, Haque A, Lashin A, Arifi NA, Chandrasekharam D, Yang SQ, Xu T, Wang SH, Yasar E (2015) CO-induced mechanical behaviour of Hawkesbury sandstone in the Gosford basin: An experimental study. Materials Science and Engineering: A 641:123–137, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.05.029
Sun XM, Shi FK, Luan ZQ, Yang L, Ding JX, He LS, Zhang Y (2023) Constitutive model and microscopic mechanism for sandstone strength ssoftening damage. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 56:797–813, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03096-z
Tan JQ, Hu CE, Lyu Q, Dick JM, Ranjith PG, Li L, Wang ZH (2019) Multi-fractal analysis for the AE energy dissipation of CO2 and CO2+ brine/water treated low-clay shales under uniaxial compressive tests. Fuel 246:330–339, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.008
Ulusay R (2015) The ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 2007–2014, Springer, New York
Volokitin Y, Looyestijn W, Slijkerman W, Hofman JP (2001) A practical approach to obtain primary drainage capillary pressure curves from NMR core and log data. Petrophysics 42(4):334–343
Wang Q, He MC, Yang J, Gao HK, Jiang B, Yu HC (2018) Study of a no-pillar mining technique with automatically formed gob-side entry retaining for longwall mining in coal mines. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 110:1–8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.07.005
Wang W, Yao Q, Tang C, Li X, Chong Z, Xu Q (2021) Experimental study on the shear characteristics and weakening mechanism of waterbearing rock joints. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 80:7653–7668, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02390-4
Wu Q, Meng Z, Tang H, Wang X, Huang L, Kang J, Liu Y, Wang D, Huo X (2022) Experimental investigation on weakening of discontinuities at the interface between different rock types induced by wetting and drying cycles. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 55:1179–1195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02731-5
Xie HP (2019) Research review of the state key research development program of China: Deep rock mechanics and mining theory. Journal of China Coal Society 44(5):1283–1305 (in Chinese)
Xie XB, Li SQ, Guo J (2022) Study on multiple fractal analysis and response characteristics of acoustic emission signals from goaf rock bodies. Sensors 22(7), DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072746
Xie HP, Liu JF, Ju Y, Li J, Xie LZ (2011) Fractal property of spatial distribution of acoustic emissions during the failure process of bedded rock salt. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 48(8):1344–1351, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2011.09.014
Xu YL, Li XL, Wu XK, Zheng W, Zhou B, Tong J (2022) Experimental study on pore fluid characteristics of fractured sandstone based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 214:110408, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2022.110408
Xu Y, Ren F, Ahmed Z, Wang K, Wang Z (2021) Mechanical characteristics and damage evolution law of sandstone with prefabricated cracks under cyclic loading. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 46:10641–10653, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-05460-7
Xu Y, Ren F, Ahmed Zulkifl, Wang and K (2020) Mechanical and fatigue damage evolution properties of cracked sandstone under cyclic loading. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences 57(1):59–72 (2020), https://paspk.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ES-706
Yao QL, Wang WN, Zhu L, Xia Z, Tang CJ, Wang XH (2020) Effects of moisture conditions on mechanical properties and AE and IR characteristics in coal-rock combinations. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13(14), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05610-5
Zhai WL, He FL, Xu XH, Lva K, Li L, Song JY (2022) Floor heave mechanism in water-rich soft rock roadways and a DS-IBA control approach. Geomatics Natural Hazards & Risk 13(1):2107–2123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2022.2107439
Zhang YB, Liang P, Tian BZ, Liu XX (2015) Study on mine rock disaster based on acoustic emission technology. 7th International Conference on Mechanical and Electronics Engineering 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20153113003
Zhang SW, Shou KJ, Xian XF, Zhou JP, Liu GJ (2018) Fractal characteristics and acoustic emission of anisotropic shale in Brazilian tests, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 71:298–308, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.08.031
Zhao K, Yang DX, Zeng P, Huang Z, Wu WK, Li B, Teng TY (2021) Effect of water content on the failure pattern and acoustic emission characteristics of red sandstone. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 142, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104709
Zheng SJ, Yao YB, Liu DM, Cai YD, Liu Y (2018) Characterizations of full-scale pore size distribution, porosity and permeability of coals: A novel methodology by nuclear magnetic resonance and fractal analysis theory, International Journal of Coal Geology 196:148–158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2018.07.008
Zhu J, Deng JH, Chen F, Wang F (2022) Failure analysis of waterbearing rock under direct tension using acoustic emission. Engineering Geology, 299, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106541
Zhu J, Deng J, Pak RYS, Liu J, Lyu C (2023) Experimental study on the failure process of water-bearing rock under uniaxial tension based on dominant frequency analysis of acoustic emission. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 82:233, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-023-03246-9
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52174096), China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) Basic Research Fund - Doctoral Students Innovative Talent Cultivation Fund.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, Xm., Shi, Fk., Zhu, Mq. et al. Microscopic Mechanisms and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Sandy Mudstone under Different Water Saturations. KSCE J Civ Eng 28, 471–483 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1089-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1089-6