Abstract
Deep excavations unavoidably cause the changes in stress and displacement of surrounding soils, which further generate additional internal forces on the adjacent existing tunnel segments, and compromise the performance and stability of the tunnels. In this study, two-stage analysis method is used to theoretically calculate the additional internal forces in the tunnel segments due to laterally adjacent excavation. Based on an empirical deformation curve of diaphragm walls, the excavation-induced stress in a linear elastic soil is formulated using source-sink imaging method. A distribution model of additional external load acting on the tunnel segments due to adjacent excavation is further established, and the additional internal forces in the tunnel segments under the corresponding additional loads are estimated using elastic equation method. Parametric studies are then conducted to investigate the effects of excavation procedure, buried depth of shield tunnel, and excavation-tunnel horizontal distance on the additional internal forces in the tunnel segments. The results show that the studied parameters have significant effect on the additional internal forces in the tunnel segments due to laterally adjacent excavation. When the excavation-tunnel horizontal distance is less than the excavation depth, the accompanied effect on the additional internal forces in the tunnel segments is highly sensitive. This study can provide theoretical insights into the estimation of tunnel segment responses due to laterally adjacent excavation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- B :
-
Width of braced excavation, m
- D :
-
Buried depth of the tunnel top relative to the surface, m
- d :
-
Lateral deformation of the diaphragm wall, mm
- E, v :
-
Young modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the soft clay
- H :
-
Depth of braced excavation, m
- M, N, Q :
-
Additional bending moment, axial force and shear force in the segments, kN.m, kN, kN
- P :
-
Horizontal additional load acting on the segments, kPa
- q :
-
Vertical additional load acting on the segments, kPa
- R :
-
Radius of tunnel segments, m
- S :
-
Horizontal distance from the tunnel to the diaphragm wall, m
- u, w :
-
Horizontal and vertical ground displacement induced by excavations, mm
- Δσ x, Δσ z :
-
Different of horizontal and vertical stress in the soils, kN
- σ x, σ z :
-
Horizontal and vertical additional stress in the soils induced by excavations, kPa
References
Chang CT, Sun CW, Duann SW, Hwang RN (2001) Response of a Taipei rapid transit system (TRTS) tunnel to adjacent excavation. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 16(7):151–158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(01)00049-9
Chen RP, Meng FY, Li ZG, Ye YH, Ye JN (2016) Investigation of response of metro tunnels due to adjacent large excavation and protective measures in soft soils. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology 58(9):224–235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.06.002
Dan KS, Sahu RB (2018) Estimation of ground movement and wall deflection in braced excavation by minimum potential energy approach. International Journal of Geomechanics 18(7):04018068, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001105
Deck O, Singh A (2012) Analytical model for the prediction of building deflections induced by ground movements. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 36(1):62–84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.993
Franza A, Acikgoz S, Dejong MJ (2020) Timoshenko beam models for the coupled analysis of building response to tunnelling. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 96(2):103160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103160
Goh ATC, Zhang F, Zhang WG, Zhang YM, Liu HL (2017) A simple estimation model for 3D braced excavation wall deflection. Computers and Geotechnics 83(1):106–113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.10.022
Hashash YMA, Whittle AJ (1996) Ground movement prediction for deep excavations in soft clay. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 122(6):474–486, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1996)122:6(474)
Hsieh PG, Ou CY (2016) Simplified approach to estimate the maximum wall deflection for deep excavations with cross walls in clay under the undrained condition. Acta Geotechnica 11(1):177–189, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-014-0360-x
Hu ZF, Yue ZQ, Zhou J, Tham LG (2003) Design and construction of a deep excavation in soft clay adjacent to the Shanghai metro tunnels. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40(5):933–948, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/t03-041
Huang X, Huang H, Zhang J (2012) Flattening of jointed shield-driven tunnel induced by longitudinal differential settlements. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 31(9):20–32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2012.04.002
Huang MS, Zhou XC, Yu J, Leung CF, Tan JQW (2019) Estimating the effects of tunnelling on existing jointed pipelines based on Winkler model. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 86(4):89–99, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.01.015
Kachanov M, Shafiro B, Tsukrov I (2003) Handbook of elasticity solutions. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Klar A, Marshall AM, Soga K, Mair RJ (2008) Tunneling effects on jointed pipelines. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45(1):131–139, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/T07-068
Kung GTC, Juang CH, Hsiao EC, Hashash UM (2007) Simplified model for wall deflection and ground-surface settlement caused by braced excavation in clays. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 133(6):731–747, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:6(731)
Liang RZ, Wu WB, Yu F, Jiang GS, Liu JW (2018) Simplified method for evaluating shield tunnel deformation due to adjacent excavation. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 71(1):94–105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.08.010
Liang RZ, Xia TD, Huang MS, Lin CG (2017) Simplified analytical method for evaluating the effects of adjacent excavation on shield tunnel considering the shearing effect. Computers and Geotechnics 81(1):167–187, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.08.017
Liu JW, Shi CH, Lei MF, Cao CY, Lin YX (2020) Improved analytical method for evaluating the responses of a shield tunnel to adjacent excavations and its application. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 98(4):103339, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103339
Ng CWW, Shi JW, Masin D, Sun HS, Lei GH (2015) Influence of sand density and diaphragm wall stiffness on three-dimensional responses of tunnel to basement excavation. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52(11):1811–1829, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0150
Ni JC, Cheng WC (2012) Characterising the failure pattern of a station box of Taipei rapid transit system (TRTS) and its rehabilitation. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 32(11):260–272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2012.06.010
Ou CY, Liao JT, Lin HD (1998) Performance of diaphragm wall using top-down method. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 124(9):798–808, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:9(798)
Ou Q, Zhang L, Zhao MH, Wang Y X (2019) Lateral displacement and internal force in diaphragm walls based on principle of minimum potential energy. International Journal of Geomechanics 19(6): 04019055, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001415
Sagaseta C (1987) Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss. Geotechnique 37(3):301–320, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1987.37.3.301
Shi CH, Cao CY, Lei MF, Peng LM, Ai HJ (2016) Effects of lateral unloading on the mechanical and deformation performance of shield tunnel segment joints. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 51(1):175–188, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.10.033
Shi JW, Ng CWW, Chen YH (2015) Three-dimensional numerical parametric study of the influence of basement excavation on existing tunnel. Computers and Geotechnics 63(1):146–158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.09.002
Shi JW, Ng CWW, Chen Y (2017) A simplified method to estimate three-dimensional tunnel responses to basement excavation. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 62(2):53–63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.11.007
Verruijt A, Booker JR (1996) Surface settlements due to deformation of a tunnel in an elastic half plane. Geotechnique 46(4):753–756, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1998.48.5.709
Wu HN, Shen SL, Liao SM, Yin ZY (2015) Longitudinal structural modelling of shield tunnels considering shearing dislocation between segmental rings. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 50(8):317–323, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.08.001
Xu KJ, Poulos HG (2000) Theoretical study of pile behaviour induced by a soil cut. Proceedings of the conference on geotechnical engineering, November 19–24, Melbourne, Australia
Zhang JF, Chen JJ, Wang JH, Zhu YF (2013a) Prediction of tunnel displacement induced by adjacent excavation in soft soil. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 36(6):24–33, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.01.011
Zhang WG, Goh ATC, Xuan F (2015) A simple prediction model for wall deflection caused by braced excavation in clays. Computers and Geotechnics 63(l):67–72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.09.001
Zhang ZG, Huang MS, Wang WD (2013b) Evaluation of deformation response for adjacent tunnels due to soil unloading in excavation engineering. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 38(9):244–253, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.07.002
Zhang XM, Ou XF, Yang JS, Fu JY (2017) Deformation response of an existing tunnel to upper excavation of foundation pit and associated dewatering. International Journal of Geomechanics 17(4):04016112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000814
Zhang ZG, Zhang CP, Jiang KM, Wang ZW, Jiang YJ, Zhao QH, Lu MH (2019) Analytical prediction for tunnel-soil-pile interaction mechanics based on kerr foundation model. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 23(6):2756–2771, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-0791-x
Zhang RJ, Zheng JJ, Pu HF, Zhang LM (2011) Analysis of excavation-induced responses of loaded pile foundations considering unloading effect. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 26(2):320–335, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2010.11.003
Zheng G, Du YM, Cheng XS, Diao Y, Deng X, Wang FJ (2017) Characteristics and prediction methods for tunnel deformations induced by excavations. Geomechanics and Engineering 12(3): 361–397, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.3.361
Zheng G, He XP, Zhou HZ, Yang XY, Yu XX, Zhao JP (2020) Prediction of the tunnel displacement induced by laterally adjacent excavations using multivariate adaptive regression splines. Acta Geotech 15:2227–2237, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-00916-w
Zheng G, Yang XY, Zhou HZ, Du YM, Sun JY, Yu XX (2018) A simplified prediction method for evaluating tunnel displacement induced by laterally adjacent excavations. Computers and Geotechnics 95:119–128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.10.006
Acknowledgements
This study is financially supported by the Fund Project of Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau (2019-G-38), Natural Science Foundation of Fujian province (2020J01882), and Development Fund Project of Fujian Institute of Technology (GY-Z18170, GY-Z18169).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Bq., Huang, W., Chen, Fq. et al. Analytical Study on the Transverse Internal Forces of Shield Tunnel Segments due to Adjacent Excavations in Soft Clays. KSCE J Civ Eng 25, 4842–4855 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-1794-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-1794-y