Abstract
With the rapid development of urban metro tunnels, the effect of surface surcharge loading on existing tunnels is unavoidable. Accurate evaluation of soil deformation and tunnel displacement under surface surcharge loading is of great significance for practical engineering. In this research, the effect of static and repeated surface surcharge loadings on tunnel displacement in soft clay was investigated numerically. The hardening soil model with small-strain stiffness (HSS model) was adopted to simulate the soil response. The parameters of the HSS model were obtained through geotechnical tests. The result indicates that Shanghai layer 4 soft clay exhibits large soil shear stiffness in the small strain range. Tunnel displacement is closely related to parameters of surface surcharge loading width, burial depth of tunnel, and the horizontal distance from the centerline. The overlapping influence range of tunnel displacement was proposed. Under repeated surface surcharge loadings, the first cycle of the repeated surface surcharge loading has the greatest effect on the tunnel displacement, and the subsequent cycles of loadings still cause further increases in the tunnel displacement. The effect of repeated surface surcharge loadings on tunnel displacement gradually decreases as the burial depth of tunnel and the number of cycles increase.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Callisto L, Rampello S (2002) Shear strength and small-strain stiffness of a natural clay under general stress conditions. Géotechnique 52(8):547–560, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2002.52.8.547
Du DC, Dias D, Do N (2020) Effect of surcharge loading on horseshoe-shaped tunnels excavated in saturated soft rocks. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 12(6):1339–1346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2020.08.001
Huang HW, Shao H, Zhang DM, Wang F (2017) Deformational responses of operated shield tunnel to extreme surcharge: A case study. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 13(3):345–360, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2016.1170156
Huang HW, Zhang DM (2016) Resilience analysis of shield tunnel lining under extreme surcharge: Characterization and field application. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 51:301–312, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.10.044
Huang Z, Zhang H, Fu HL, Ma SK, Liu Y (2020) Deformation response induced by surcharge loading above shallow shield tunnels in soft soil. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 24(8):2533–2545, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-0404-8
Li Q, Ng CWW, Liu GB (2012) Determination of small-strain stiffness of Shanghai clay on prismatic soil specimen. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49(8):986–993, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/T2012-050
Li SC, Wang MB (2008) Elastic analysis of stress-displacement field for a lined circular tunnel at great depth due to ground loads and internal pressure. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 23(6):609–617, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2007.11.004
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China (2013) Technical code for protection structures of urban rail transit (CJJ/T 202-2013). China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
Shen SL, Wu HN, Cui YJ, Yin ZY (2014) Long-term settlement behaviour of metro tunnels in the soft deposits of Shanghai. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 40:309–323, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.10.013
Wang HN, Chen XP, Jiang MJ, Song F, Wu L (2018) The analytical predictions on displacement and stress around shallow tunnels subjected to surcharge loadings. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 71:403–427, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.09.015
Wang T, Deng TT, Deng YF, Yu XB, Zou P, Deng ZH (2023) Numerical simulation of deep excavation considering strain-dependent behavior of soil: A case study of Tangluo street station of Nanjing metro. International Journal of Civil Engineering 21:541–550, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-022-00755-8
Wang HN, Wu L, Jiang MJ (2020) Viscoelastic ground responses around shallow tunnels considering surcharge loadings and effect of supporting. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 24(13): 2306–2328, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2018.1505662
Xiao Y, Zhao MH, Zhang R, Zhao H, Peng WZ (2019) Stability of two circular tunnels at different depths in cohesive-frictional soils subjected to surcharge loading. Computers and Geotechnics 112:23–34, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.04.006
Yamamoto K, Lyamin AV, Wilson DW, Sloan SW, Abbo AJ (2011a) Stability of a circular tunnel in cohesive-frictional soil subjected to surcharge loading. Computers and Geotechnics 38(4):504–514, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.02.014
Yamamoto K, Lyamin AV, Wilson DW, Sloan SW, Abbo AJ (2011b) Stability of a single tunnel in cohesive-frictional soil subjected to surcharge loading. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48(12):1841–1854, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/T11-078
Yamamoto K, Lyamin AV, Wilson DW, Sloan SW, Abbo AJ (2014) Stability of dual square tunnels in cohesive-frictional soil subjected to surcharge loading. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51(8):829–843, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0481
Yang F, Zheng XC, Zhang J, Yang JS (2017) Upper bound analysis of stability of dual circular tunnels subjected to surcharge loading in cohesive-frictional soils. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 61:150–160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.10.006
Zhang JZ, Huang HW, Zhang DM, Zhou ML, Tang C, Liu DJ (2021) Effect of ground surface surcharge on deformational performance of tunnel in spatially variable soil. Computers and Geotechnics 136:104229, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104229
Zhang DM, Liu ZS, Wang RL, Zhang DM (2019) Influence of grouting on rehabilitation of an over-deformed operating shield tunnel lining in soft clay. Acta Geotechnica 14:1227–1247, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0696-8
Zheng G, Yang XY, Zhou HZ, Du YM, Sun, JY, Yu XX (2018) A simplified prediction method for evaluating tunnel displacement induced by laterally adjacent excavations. Computers and Geotechnics 95:119–128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.10.006
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42207186, 42072317, 42207220), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant No. 22ZR1435000).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Q., Yan, B., Zhu, W. et al. Influence of Static and Repeated Surface Surcharge Loadings on Tunnel Displacement Considering Small-Strain Stiffness of Soft Clay. KSCE J Civ Eng 28, 939–950 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-0593-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-0593-z