Abstract
The ultra-shallow buried excavation technology, utilizing pipe-roof steel arches as main supporting structure, has broad application prospects. Current mainstream pipe-roof design schemes often adopt simple beam theory or engineering analogy methods, which do not take into account the cumulative deformation and have high engineering disaster risk. Based on the beam Winkler model of elastic foundation, this paper studies the method on interactive effects among pipe-roof, steel bracing and foundation soil. The calculation model of the ultra-shallow buried pipe-roof and steel bracing is established with theoretical derivation. And a new supporting design method of ultra-shallow buried excavation under interactive effects is proposed. Firstly, an optimal method for determining the elasticity coefficient of steel arch and foundation soil is put forward on interactive effects among pipe-roof, steel bracing and foundation. Secondly, considering the enhancement effect of concrete wall, a procedure of determining the elasticity coefficient of fulcrum is described. That is, the first steel arch, which is adjacent to underground passage tunnel face, returns to the 1.5H (H is the height of the hole) range as an enhanced transition section, and the elasticity coefficient of fulcrum varies linearly with its position. Furthermore, the key issue is the deformation of the inlet section increases to a stable level in a certain range, while the ground settlement does not exceed the threshold. The selection of pipe-roof is controlled by calculated deformation. If the deformation meets the requirements, the internal force will be far enough to meet the requirements. Only two sections need to be considered when calculating the ultra-shallow buried underground passage, the entrances 2.0H and the central across section. Finally, the accuracy of the interactive effects calculated method is validated by using the measured data of a practical example.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anagnostou G, Perazzelli P (2015) Analysis method and design charts for bolt reinforcement of the tunnel face in cohesive-frictional soils. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 47:162–181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.10.007
Chakeri H, Ünver B (2014) A new equation for estimating the maximum surface settlement above tunnels excavated in soft ground. Environmental Earth Sciences 71(7):3195–3210, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2707-2
Cui Y, Jiang XL, Bao P (2003) Computing method of elastic foundation beam with variable bedding value and its application. Rock and Soil Mechanics 24(4):565–578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2003.04.019 (in Chinese)
Cui ZD, Zhang ZL (2017) Underground structure design. China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing, China 48–70
Dindarloo SR, Siami-Irdemoosa E (2015) Maximum surface settlement based classification of shallow tunnels in soft ground. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 49:320–327, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.04.021
Ding WQ, Yuan SL, Yang HW, Zhang GT (2008) Pipe-roof interaction analysis and design method study in pipe shed box culvert construction method. Structural Engineer (2):11–15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.2008.02.08
Dong XP, Zhou SH, Hu XP (2006) 3D analysis of function of piperoof applied in soft ground. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (7): 841–846, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.2006.07.007 (in Chinese)
Fan SY, Zuo HW, Ren SW, Hou F (2009) A back analysis method for coefficient of subgrade reaction on elastic foundation beam. Journal of Yantai University (Natural Science and Engineering Edition) 22(4):299–303, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13951/j.cnki.37-1213/n.2009.04.010 (in Chinese)
Fang Q, Zhang D, Li QQ, Wong LNY (2015) Effects of twin tunnels construction beneath existing shield-driven twin tunnels. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 45:128–137, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.10.001
Gou DM, Yang JS, Zhang G (2007) Deformation monitoring and mechanical behaviors of pipe-roof in shallow tunnels. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 26(6):1258–1264, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2007.06.023 (in Chinese)
Heng CY, Sun S, Mao LQ, Zhou Z (2018) Design and construction of ultra-shallow buried excavation project of large rectangular sectional underground passage. Tunnel Construction 38(S1):129–135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2018.S1.020 (in Chinese)
Heng CY, Sun S, Zhou Z, Zhang JT (2019) Prediction of surface settlement with ultra-shallow-burial and large rectangular cross-section urban underpass. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 23(11): 4641–4650, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-2406-y
Huang ML, Tan ZS, Guo J, Xiao LG (2013) Excavation technology of super-large cross-section ultra-shallow tunnel with reserved cross rock beam-pillar method. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 32(2):299–307, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-6915.2013.02.011 (in Chinese)
Kong H, Wang MS (2011) Adjacent construction theory and key control technology of shallow covered tunneling for urban metro. Municipal Engineering Technology 29(1):17–23
Lei MF, Peng LM, Shi CH (2014) Calculation of the surrounding rock pressure on a shallow buried tunnel using linear and nonlinear failure criteria. Automation in Construction 37:191–195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2013.08.001
Ni F (2014) Safety analysis of overlapped rectangular tunnels crossing under high pressure gas pipelines. Journal of Hunan University of Science & Technology (Natural Science Edition) 29(2):58–61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13582/j.cnki.1672-9102.2014.02.012 (in Chinese)
Shen YF (2021) Research on scheme of tunneling under sub- high pressure gas pipe in ultra- shallow buried underground tunnel. Urban Roads Bridges & Flood Control (1):208–211, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16799/j.cnki.csdqyfh.2021.01.059 (in Chinese)
Shi JS, Chen J, Dai RP (2010) Numerical calculation of pipe roof method applied in a soft ground subway tunnel construction. Journal of East China Jiaotong University 27(5):28–33, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0523.2010.05.006 (in Chinese)
Sun S, Heng CY, Zhou Z (2018) Testing study on internal force analysis of steel arch structure with ultra-shallow buried excavation underground passage in rectangular section. Architectural Science 34(5):135–142, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13614/j.cnki.11-1962/tu.2018.05.022 (in Chinese)
Sun XY, Heng CY, Zhou Z, Zhang JT (2020) Limit equilibrium method for calculating surrounding rock pressure of an ultra-shallow-buried underpass. Rock and Soil Mechanics 41(S1):312–318, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2019.1405 (in Chinese)
Volkmann G, Schubert W (2006) Optimization of excavation and support in pipe roof supported tunnel sections. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 21(3–4), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2005.12.213
Wang MS (2004) Technology for shallow-covered tunnel excavation. Anhui Education Press, Hefei, China, 77–84 (in Chinese)
Wang Y, Chen WH (2017) Influence of soil stratification on coefficient of subgrade reaction. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 36(S2):4304–4312, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.0200 (in Chinese)
Wang ZD, Gong XN (2010) Calculation method of digging length in underpass with underground excavation under shallow cover. Rock and Soil Mechanics 31(8):2637–2642
Wang HT, Jia JQ, Yu S (2010) Mechanical behavior and parameter optimization of pipe roof reinforcement applied in tunnel. China Journal of Highway and Transport 23(4):78–83
Wang Q, Jiang B, Li SC, Wang DC, Wang FQ, Li WT, Ren YX, Guo NB, Shao X (2016) Experimental studies on the mechanical properties and deformation & failure mechanism of U-type confined concrete arch centering. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 51:20–29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.10.010
Wang X, Zhang QH, Chen Y, Ren GL (2011) Numerical analysis on construction of city pedestrian underpass. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering 7(3):534–540
Wu W, Jiao LH, Li J (2016) Limit analysis of earth pressure for shallow rectangular tunnels based on Hoek-Brown failure criterion. Journal of Hunan University of Arts and Science (Science and Technology) 28(1):60–64 (in Chinese)
Xia CC, Gong JW, Chen YX, Jiang K (2008) Analysis of ground settlements of overlength pipe and box culvert advancing under airport taxiway. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 27(4):696–703, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2008.04.007 (in Chinese)
Xu QZ (2021) Field comparative test of the coefficient of subgrade reaction of foundation soil. Journal of Railway Engineering Society (2):53–57
Xu LC, Rui R, Zhang L, Sun Y, Xia YY (2017) Prediction formula for surface settlement in double-line tunnel based on trapdoor tests. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 39(8):1470–1476, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE201708014 (in Chinese)
Yang GH (2004) Practical calculation method of retaining structures for deep excavations and its application. Rock and Soil Mechanics 25(12):1885–1896, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2004.12.006 (in Chinese)
Yang HJ (2010) Analysis of impact of construction of shallow large-span tunnels on environment with surface excavation method. Journal of Railway Engineering Society (5):43–47
Yang M, Ai ZY (2000) Research on retaining wall on elastic subgrade. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 19(4):513–516
Yang M, Feng YQ, Wang RX (1998) Analysis of flexible retaining structure of deep excavation and its comparision with observed results. Journal of Building Structures 20(2):68–78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14006/j.jzjgxb.1999.02.008 (in Chinese)
Yoo C, Shin HK (2003) Deformation behaviour of tunnel face reinforced with longitudinal pipes-laboratory and numerical investigation. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 18(4):303–319, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(02)00101-3
Zhang L, Gao GY, Gao M (2011) Discussion on the calculation method of coefficient of subgrade reaction. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering 7(4):812–818, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-0836.2011.04.034 (in Chinese)
Zheng JJ, Zhang RJ, Yang QN (2009) Mechanical mechanism of piperoofs with variable coefficient of subgrade reaction in shallow tunnels. China Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 31(8):1165–1171, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.2009.08.003 (in Chinese)
Zhong SQ, Zhang XP, Pan HL (2005) Study on foundation soil coefficient of subgrade reaction. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering 1(7):1109–1112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-0836.2005.z1.034 (in Chinese)
Zhou Z, Heng CY, Zhang JT, Sun XY (2020) Surface settlement characteristics of an ultra-shallow-buried rectangular section underpass. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering 28(4):900–912, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16058/j.issn.1005-0930.2020.04.013 (in Chinese)
Zhu HH, Fan QG, Heng CY (2011) Selected demonstration projects of new technology application in urban underground space. China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing, China 172–187
Zhu CH, Li N (2016) Estimation method and laws analysis of surface settlement due to tunneling. Rock and Soil Mechanics 37(S2):533–542, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2016.S2.068 (in Chinese)
Zhu HH, Zhou JH, Ding WQ, Shen J, Yuan JR (2006) Study of mechanical action of steel pipe-roof. Geotechnical Engineering World (2):40–43, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-7801.2006.02.017
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Applied Technology Projects of China Academy of Building Research (20161602330730024).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Heng, C., Sun, S., Zhang, J. et al. Calculation Method of Underground Passage Excavation on Interactive Effects among Pipe-Roof, Steel Bracing and Foundation Soil. KSCE J Civ Eng 26, 448–459 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-0500-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-0500-4