Skip to main content
Log in

Shaking table test on dynamic behaviours of tropical residual soils in Malaysia

  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Published:
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Aims and scope

Abstract

Studies on dynamic behaviours of tropical residual soils are still very limited in the current available literature. This paper mainly aims to investigate the dynamic properties (shear modulus and damping ratio) of two selected tropical residual soils (sandy silt and silty sand) in Malaysia under different overburden pressures. A series of shaking table tests were performed by applying 13 combinations of input shaking frequencies and lateral displacements. The measured acceleration data were subjected to baseline corrections and filtering processes. The results showed that the shaking table setup was capable of facilitating a considerably large strain level of deformation. The shear modulus increases proportionally with the confining pressure. Under the same confining pressure, shear modulus attenuates with the increase of strain amplitude. The shear modulus of sandy silt was consistently larger than that of silty sand. The damping ratios of the tested soils approximately range between 1% and 12%.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Balendra, T and Li, Z. (2008). “Seismic hazard of singapore and Malaysia.” Earthquake Engineering in the low and moderate seismic regions of South East Asia and Australia (2008), EJSE, Special Issue 1, pp. 57–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolton, M. D. and Oztoprak, S. (2013). “Stiffness of sands through a laboratory test database.” Geótechnique, ICE, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 54–70, DOI: 10.1680/geot.10.P.078.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boore, D. (2001). “Effects of baseline corrections on displacements and response spectra for several recordings of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Tawian, earthquake.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Seismological Society of America, Vol. 92, No. 4, pp. 1199–1211, DOI: 10.1785/0120000703.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boore, D. M. and Bommer, J. J. (2005). “Processing of strong-motion accelerograms: Needs, options and consequences.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, USGS, Vol. 25, Issue 2, pp. 93–115, DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.10.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borden, R., Shao, L., and Gupta, A. (1996). “Dynamic properties of piedmont residual soils.” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 122, No. 10, pp. 813–821, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1996)122:10(813).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brennan, A., Thusyanthan, N., and Madabhushi, S. (2005). “Evaluation of shear modulus and damping in dynamic centrifuge tests.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005) 131:12(1488), pp. 1488–1497.

  • Chen, G., Wang, Z., Zuo, X., Du, X., and Gao, H. (2013). “Shaking table test on the seismic failure characteristics of a subway station structure on liquefiable ground.” Earthquake Engr. Struct. Dyn., International Association for Earhtquake Engineering, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 1489–1507, DOI: 10.1002/eqe.2283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chieng, T. S. A. (2013). Disaster risk reduction in Malaysia and earthquake study based on cyclic triaxial study, BEng Thesis, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunha, R., Kuklik, P., and Laurin, J. (2002). “Evaluation of deep foundations in tropical residual soil by a semi analytical mathematical procedure coded in industrial software.” Solid Mechanics (D), Mecánica Computacional, Vol. 21, No. 11, pp. 1045–1062.

    Google Scholar 

  • Das, B. M. (2005). Principles of geotechnical engineering, Nelson Engineering, United States.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dash, H. and Sitharam, T. (2009). “Undrained cyclic pore pressure response of sand–silt mixtures: effect of non-plastic fines and other parameters.” Journal of Geotechnical Geological Engineering, Vol. 27, Issue 4, pp. 501–517, DOI: 10.1007/s10706-009-9252-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dietz, M. and Muir Wood, D. (2007). “Shaking table evaluation of dynamic soil properties.” Proc. 4th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering., Springer, Thessaloniki, Greece, paper 1196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., and Cheong, H. K. (2003). “Stiffness-strain relationship of Singapore residual soils.” Proc. 2003 Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, Christchurch, New Zealand, paper 160.

    Google Scholar 

  • GovindaRaju, L. (2005). Liquefaction and dynamic properties of sandy soils. PhD Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Xarnataka, India.

  • Hardin, B. O. (1978). “The nature of stress strain behavior of soils.” Proc. ASCE Geotechnical Engineering Division Specialty Conference., ASCE, NY, USA, Vol. 1, pp. 3–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardin, B. O. and Black, W. L. (1966). “Sand stiffness under various triaxial stresses.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. ASCE, Vol. 92, Issue 2, pp. 27–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardin, B. O. and Black, W. L. (1968). “Vibration modulus of normally consolidated clay.” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 94, Issue 2, pp. 353–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardin, B. and Drnevich, V. (1972). “Shear modulus and damping in soils Measurement and parameter effects.” Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 98, No. 6, pp. 603–624.

    Google Scholar 

  • He, P. and Cui, Z. (2014). “Dynamic response of a thawing soil around the tunnel under the vibration load of subway.” Environ Earth Sci, AGRIS, Vol. 73, No. 5, pp. 2473–2482, DOI: 10.1007/s12665-014-3596-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Idriss, I. M., Dobry, R., and Singh, R. (1978). “Nonlinear behavior of soft clays during cyclic loading.” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. 12, pp. 1427–1447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishibashi, I. and Zhang, X. (1993). “Unified dynamic shear moduli and damping ratios of sand and clay.” Soils and Foundations, Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 182–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazama, M., Toyata, H., Towhata, I., and Yanagisawa, E. (1996). “Stress strain relationship of sandy soils obtained from centrifuge shaking table tests.” Journal of JSCE, Geotechnical Engineering, JSCE, Vol. 535/III-34, pp. 73–82. (In Japanese)

  • Kim, Y. S., Ha, T. G., Choi, J. J., and Chung, C. K. (2007). “The influence of dynamic properties of ground soil on vibration characteristics of rigid body on sand ground.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, KSCE, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 81–91, DOI: 10.1007/BF02823851.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koga, Y. and Matsuo, O. (1990). “Shaking table tests of embankments resting on liquefiable sandy ground.” Soil Found., JSTAGE, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 162–174, DOI: 10.3208/sandf1972.30.4_162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kokusho, T. (2003). “Current state of research on flow failure considering void redistribution in liquefied deposits.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., Elsevier, Vol. 23, Issue 7, pp. 585–603, DOI: 10.1016/S0267-7261(03)00067-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, S. L. (2014). Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Pearson New International Edition, United Kingdom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, C. W. W. and Xu, J. (2012). “Residual soils of Hong Kong.” Handbook of Tropical Residual Soils Engineering, Huat, B.B.K., Toll, D.G. and Prasad, Ed., CRC Press, London., pp. 413–461.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Nithiaraj, R., Ting, W., and Balasubramaniam, A. (1996). “Strength parameters of residual soils and application to stability analysis of anchored slopes.” Geotechnical Engineering Journal, SOUTHEAST ASIAN GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY, Vol. 27, Issue 2, pp. 55–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, B. (2009). Fundamentals of soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, PHL Learning Private Ltd, New Delhi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, S. K., Towhata., I., Chandradhara, G. P., and Nanjundaswamy, P. (2004). “Shaking table tests in earthquake geotechnical engineering.” Current Science, CSA, Vol. 87, No. 10, pp. 1398–1404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahardjo, H., Aung, K. K., Leong, E. C., and Rezaur, R. B. (2004). “Characteristics of residual soils in Singapore as formed by weathering.” Engineering Geology, Elsevier, Vol. 73, Nos. 1-2, pp. 157–169, DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.01.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahardjo, H., Lee, T., Leong, E., and Rezaur, R. (2005). “Response of a residual soil slope to rainfall.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 340–351, DOI: 10.1139/t04-101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santos, J. A. and Gomes Correia, A. (2000). “Shear modulus of soils under cyclic loading at small to medium strain level.” Proc. 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering., Auckland, New Zealand, paper ID0530.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senetakis, K., Anastasiadis, A., and Pitilakis, K. (2012). “Dynamic properties of dry sand/rubber (SRM) and gravel/rubber (GRM) mixtures in a wide range of shearing strain amplitudes.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Elsevier, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 38–53, DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.10.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shahrour, I., Khoshnoudian, F., Sadek, M., and Mroueh, H. (2010). “Elasto-plastic analysis of the seismic response of tunnels in soft soils.” Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, Elsevier, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 478–482, DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2010.01.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taha, M. and Kabir, M. (2004). “Tropical residual soil as compacted soil liners.” Environmental Geology, International Journal of Geoscience, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 375–381, DOI: 10.1007/s00254-004-1160-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taha, M., Hossain, M., and Mofiz, S. (2000). “Behavior and modeling of granite residual soil in direct shear test.” Journal of Institution of Engineers Malaysia, IEM, Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 27–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toll, D. (2012). “The behaviour of unsaturated soil.” In: Huat, B.B.K., Toll, D.G. and Prasad, A., eds. Handbook of tropical residual soils engineering, CRC Press, London, pp. 117–146.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Vardanega, P. J. and Bolton, M. D. (2013). “Stiffness of clays and silts: Normalizing shear modulus and shear strain.” Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., ASCE, Vol. 139, pp. 1575–1589, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000887.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vucetic, M. and Dobry, R. (1991). “The effect of soil plasticity on cyclic response.” ASCE Geotechnical Journal, ASCE, Vol. 117, No. 1, pp. 89–107, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:1(89).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lee Min Lee.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yong, K.K., Xian, L.J., Li, Y.C. et al. Shaking table test on dynamic behaviours of tropical residual soils in Malaysia. KSCE J Civ Eng 21, 1735–1746 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-016-1856-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-016-1856-8

Keywords

Navigation