Abstract
Alginate, low mole mass heparin-chitosan-alginate, low mole mass heparin microcapsules (ALCAL) with good mechanical stability were made from the high voltage pulsing microcapsule shaping device. ALCAL was made of low-mole-mass heparin (LMWH), alginate (ALG) and chitosan (CS) by supramolecular layer upon layer self-assembled technique. It was found from the microscopic observation that the microcapsules had smooth surface and a porous structure with interconnected pores. The results of the permeability experiment of microcapsules using fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-immunoglobulin G (FITC-IgG) showed that the ALCAL membrane could provide cell immuno-isolation; meanwhile, the ALCAL membrane had good biocompatibility. The potential of ALCAL microcapsules for the encapsulation of liver cells had been investigated and showed that the ALCAL membrane supports the survival, proliferation and protein secretion on encapsulating hepatocytes. The ALCAL microcapsule had several advantages compared to more widely used alginate-chitosan-alginate (ACA) microcapsules for the application of cell therapy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
McLaughlin B E, Tosone C M, Custer L M, et al. Overview of extracorporeal liver support systems and clinical results [J]. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 1999, 875: 310–325.
Dodson S F, Issa S, Bonham A. Liver transplantation for chronic viral hepatitis [J]. Surgical Clinics of North America, 1999, 79(1): 131–145.
Sim K H, Marinov A, Levy G A. Xenotransplantation: A potential solution to the critical organ donor shortage [J]. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, 1999, 13(4): 311–318.
Mei J, Sgroi A, Mai G, et al. Improved survival of fulminant liver failure by transplantation of microencapsulated cryopreserved porcine hepatocytes in mice [J]. Cell Transplantation, 2009, 18(1): 101–110.
Honiger J, Balladur P, Mariani P, et al. Permeability and biocompatibility of a new hydrogel used for encapsulation of hepatocytes [J]. Biomaterials, 1995, 16(10): 753–759.
Dautzenberg H, Holzapfel G, Lukanoff B. Methods for a comprehensive characterization of microcapsules based on polyelectrolyte complexes [J]. Biomaterials, Artificial Cells, and Immobilization Biotechnology, 1993, 21(3): 399–405.
de Vos P, Hamel A F, Tatarkiewicz K. Considerations for successful transplantation of encapsulated pancreatic islets [J]. Diabetologia, 2002, 45(2): 159–173.
Gray D W. Encapsulated islet cells: The role of direct and indirect presentation and the relevance to xenotransplantation and autoimmune recurrence [J]. British Medical Bulletin, 1997, 53(4): 777–788.
Betigeri S S, Neau S H. Immobilization of lipase using hydrophilic polymers in the form of hydrogel beads [J]. Biomaterials, 2002, 23(17): 3627–3636.
Pei H, Yang Y, Xi J, et al. Lineage restriction and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into hepatic progenitors and zone 1 hepatocytes [J]. Tissue Engineering. Part C. Methods, 2009, 15(1): 95–104.
Gåserød O, Sannes A, Skjåk-Bræk G. Microcapsules of alginate-chitosan. II. A study of capsule stability and permeability [J]. Biomaterials, 1999, 20: 773–783.
Weber M, Steinert A, Jork A, et al. Formation of cartilage matrix proteins by BMP-transfected murine mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in a novel class of alginates [J]. Biomaterials, 2002, 23(9): 2003–2013.
Rokstad A M, Holtan S, Strand B, et al. Microencapsulation of cells producing therapeutic proteins: Optimizing cell growth and secretion [J]. Cell Transplantation, 2002, 11(4): 313–324.
Morris P J. Immunoprotection of therapeutic cell transplants by encapsulation [J]. Trends in Biotechnology, 1996, 14(5): 163–167.
Tyn M T, Gusek T W. Prediction of diffusion coef- ficients of proteins [J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1990, 35(4): 327–338.
Jones K S, Sefton M V, Gorczynski R M. In vivo recognition by the host adaptive immune system of microencapsulated xenogeneic cells [J]. Transplantation, 2004, 78(10): 1454–1462.
Goosen M F A. Physico-chemical and mass transfer considerations in microencapsulation [J]. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 1999, 875: 84–104.
Uludag H, de Vos P, Tresco P A. Technology of mammalian cell encapsulation [J]. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2000, 42(1): 29–64.
Aoki T, Jin Z, Nishino N, et al. Intrasplenic transplantation of encapsulated hepatocytes decreases mortality and improves liver functions in fulminant hepatic failure from 90% partial hepatectomy in rats [J]. Transplantation, 2005, 79(7): 783–790.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20434030, 30772105 and 20074031), and the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2008AA02Z417)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yu, Sl., Han, Bs., Cui, L. et al. Preliminary characteristic of alginate, heparin-chitosan-alginate, heparin microencapsulated hepatocytes system. J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. (Sci.) 17, 121–128 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12204-012-1238-4
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12204-012-1238-4