Abstract
In this paper we construct a new methodology to measure the international income smoothing and we present stronger connection between foreign asset holding and international income smoothing for OECD countries.
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Notes
In fact this is only an approximate relationship between the GDP and GNP. However, we neglect the remittances which is counted in GNP calculation. For detailed the formula you may check the U.N. Statistics Database.
Data set include Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Australia, Canada, Japan, Iceland Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, and US.
Since it has negative level, Ireland’s home equity bias levels has not been reported in Fig. 1.
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Balli, F., Louis, R.J. & Osman, M. Income smoothing and foreign asset holdings. J Econ Finance 34, 23–29 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12197-008-9070-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12197-008-9070-2