Correction to: Expertise Development in the Workplace Through Deliberate Practice and Progressive Problem Solving: Insights from Business-to-Business Sales Departments

Correction to: Vocations and Learning (2022) 15:3

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-022-09301-y

The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes.

On page 2, (Ericsson, 2018a) was corrected to (Billett et al., 2018; Ericsson, 2018a, 2018b).

On page 2, (van Chi, 2006; de Wiel et al., 2004) was corrected to (Chi, 2006; van de Wiel et al., 2004).

On page 3, the sentence “Expertise is defined as an individual’s very high domain-specific competence which enables a sustained high performance (Boshuizen et al., 2020; Ericsson & Smith, 1991; Ericsson, 2018a; Mieg, 2001; Nokes et al., 2010)” was corrected to “Expertise is defined as an individual’s very high domain-specific competence which enables “a sustained … high performance” (Gruber, 1999, p. 20; see also Boshuizen et al., 2020; Ericsson & Smith, 1991; Ericsson, 2018a, 2018b; Mieg, 2001; Nokes et al., 2010; Posner, 1988 as cited in Gruber, 1999, p. 20)”.

On page 4, the sentence “Structured domains are characterized by structuredness of knowledge such as fundamental concepts, academic rigor, and especially sets of rules (Alexander, 1992b).” was clarified to “Structured domains are characterized by structuredness of knowledge such as “fundamental concepts”, “academic rigor”, and especially “a set of rules” (Alexander, 1992b, p. 36).”

On page 4, the first (Ericsson, 2018a) was corrected to (Ericsson, 2018a, 2018b)

On page 4, (Gruber & Strasser, 2004) was corrected to (Goller & Billett, 2014, p. 34; Strasser & Gruber, 2004).

On page 4, the sentence “… especially when they involve human behavior (Shanteau, 1992, p. 258) …”. Was corrected to “… especially when they “involve human behavior” (Shanteau, 1992, p. 258) …”.

On page 4, “…with less comparable performance standards (Ericsson, 2018a)” was expanded to “…with less comparable performance standards (Ericsson, 2018a, see also Salas & Rosen, 2010 and van de Wiel et al., 2004)”.

On page 4, Ackerman (2011, pp. 851) was clarified to Ackerman (2011, pp. 851-852)

On page 5, “representative sales” was corrected to “business-to-business sales” in table 1.

On page 5, Ericsson (2018a) was corrected to Ericsson (2018a, 2018b).

On page 6, (Goller & Billett, 2014) was corrected to (e.g., Goller & Billett, 2014).

On page 6, “We refer to this narrowing down of work tasks as specialization.” was expanded to “This narrowing down of work tasks is referred to as specialization (e.g., Becker & Murphy, 1992).”

On page 6, the sentence “Absolute expertise (Chi, 2006) refers to chance (e.g., availability of a coach) and to some extent an individual’s innate talent (e.g., reaction time) which facilitates reaching absolute expertise.” Was clarified to “Absolute expertise (Chi, 2006, p. 22) refers to “chance” (e.g., availability of a coach) and to some extent an individual’s “innate talent” (e.g., reaction time) which facilitates reaching absolute expertise.”

On page 7, “… not knowing the social environment, and not knowing the products.” was expanded to “… not knowing the social environment, and not knowing the products (see also expertise’s dependency on contextual cues; Green et al., 2019).”

On page 7, “… even individuals outside of the organization such as customers or suppliers.” was expanded to “… even individuals outside of the organization such as customers or suppliers (see also peer-nomination in methods below).”

On page 7, “Specialists, who handle a unique cluster of work tasks in an organization that requires specialized knowledge (Mieg, 2001), are usually included in so-called expert career paths.” was improved to “Specialist who handles a unique cluster of work tasks in an organization that requires specialized knowledge (e.g., Becker & Murphy, 1992) might be included in so-called expert career paths.”

On page 7, Hatano and Inagaki (1986) … (pp. 266) was corrected to Hatano and Inagaki (1986).

On page 8, (Conley et al., 2017) was corrected to (e.g., Conley et al., 2017).

On page 8, (Hambrick et al., 2020, p.4) was expanded to (Hambrick et al., 2004, p. 4, see also Ericsson, 2018b, p. 762).

On page 9, (Billett et al., 2018; Guile & Griffiths, 2001) was corrected to (Billett et al., 2018, p. 106; Guile & Griffiths, 2001).

On page 9, (Ericsson et al., 1993, p. 368; Ericsson, 2018b, p. 757) was clarified to (Ericsson et al., 1993, p. 367, 368; Ericsson, 2018b, p. 755, 757).

On page 9, the sentence “Deliberate practice is so demanding that it can only be maintained for a short time (Ericsson et al., 1993, p. 369 and 391; Ericsson, 2018b) … and is described as not inherently motivating (Ericsson et al., 1993, p. 368; Ericsson, 2018b) whereas in the workplace such an approach is presumably rare (e.g., SECOND AUTHOR, 2013).” Was corrected and clarified to “Deliberate practice is so demanding “that [it] can be sustained only for a limited time each day” (Ericsson et al., 1993, p. 369; see also Ericsson et al., 1993, p. 391 and Ericsson, 2018b) … and is described as “not inherently motivating” (Ericsson et al., 1993, p. 368; see also Ericsson, 2018b) whereas in the workplace such an approach is presumably rare (e.g., Rausch, 2013).

On page 9, “… Ericsson, 2018b, p. 754 …” was corrected to “ … Ericsson, 2018b, p. 755 …”.

On page 9, (e.g., Tynjälä, 2008, 2013) was expanded to (e.g., Tynjälä, 2008, 2013; e.g., Dunn & Shriner, 1999).

On page 10, the sentence Individuals engaging in either of these practices are on the edge of their competence to increase their competence while actively going beyond well-known routines (Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1993, p. 78, 98; Ericsson et al., 1993). Was clarified to Individuals engaging in either of these practices are on “the edge of their competence” (Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1993, p. 98) to increase their competence while actively going beyond well-known routines (Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1993, p. 78, 98; Ericsson et al., 1993).

On page 10, (Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1993, pp. 78, pp. 94; see also Agency; Goller, 2017) was clarified to (Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1993, pp. 78-82, pp. 94-98; see also Agency; Goller, 2017).

On page 10, (Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1993, pp. 94) was clarified to (Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1993, pp. 78-82, 94-98).

On page 11, (Ericsson, 2018a) was clarified to (e.g., Ericsson, 2018a).

On page 11, (Ericsson & Smith, 1991; Ericsson, 2008; see also the limited accuracy of perception; Gill et al., 1998) was expanded to (Ericsson & Smith, 1991; Ericsson, 2008, 2018b; see also the limited accuracy of perception; Gill et al., 1998).

On page 11, (Sonnentag, 1998, p. 509; see also Goller, 2017, p. 216) was clarified to (Sonnentag, 1998, pp. 509-510; see also Goller, 2017, p. 216).

On page 11, (Ericsson et al., 1993, p. 384; for critique see: Ericsson, 2013; Ericsson & Harwell, 2019) was corrected to (Ericsson et al., 1993, p. 394; for critique see: Ericsson, 2013; Ericsson & Harwell, 2019).

On page 11, the sentence “… exceeds the average of 5000 h of deliberate practice of expert violinists in one study (Ericsson, 2013)” was clarified to “… exceeds the average of 5000 h of deliberate practice of some expert violinists in one study (Ericsson, 2013)”.

On page 16, “The expertise in the former domain will sooner or later fade … forget parts of the expert knowledge.” was expanded to “The expertise in the former domain will sooner or later fade … forget parts of the expert knowledge (e.g., Ackerman, 2011).”

On page 17, “… will fade over time due to technological changes and a lack of maintenance of expertise.” was expanded to “… will fade over time due to technological changes and a lack of maintenance of expertise (e.g., Ackerman, 2011).”

On page 17, “Time spent in the work domain is necessary but not sufficient for expertise development …” was expanded to “Time spent in the work domain is necessary but not sufficient for expertise development (e.g., Ericsson, 2008) …”

On page 17, “Being entrusted with these kinds of tasks … key factor for one’s expertise development.” was expanded to “Being entrusted with these kinds of tasks … key factor for one’s expertise development (see also workplace affordances; Billett, 2001).”

On page 17, “… complex tasks which in turn fosters the further development of one’s expertise.” was expanded to “… complex tasks which in turn fosters the further development of one’s expertise (e.g., Billett, 2001; e.g., Mieg, 2001)”

On page 18, “Perceived motivation, competence, and personality affect who is “thrown in” and who is not.” was expanded to “Perceived motivation, competence, and personality affect who is “thrown in” and who is not (e.g., see also workplace affordances and engagement; Billett, 2001; see also agency; e.g., Goller, 2017).”

On page 18, “This is in line with Guile and Griffiths (2001) and Billett et al. (2018)” was corrected to “This is in line with, for instance, Goller and Billett (2014), Macnamara, Hambrick, and Oswald (2014), and Billett, Harteis, and Gruber (2018)”.

On page 19, (Hambrick et al., 2020) was expanded to (Hambrick et al., 2020; Ericsson, 2018b)

On page 19, (see Ericsson, 2004, 2006, 2009 as cited in van den Wiel & van den Bossche, 2013, p. 140) was corrected to (see Ericsson, 2004, 2006, 2009 as cited in van de Wiel & van den Bossche, 2013, p. 140).

On page 19, Dunn and Shriner (1999, p. 644, 647; see Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1993, pp. 94) was clarified to Dunn and Shriner (1999, p. 644, 647; see Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1993, pp. 78-82, 94-98).

On page 19, “business-to-business domain” was corrected to “business-to-business sales domain”.

On page 20, (Dunn & Shriner, 1999; van den Weil et al., 2004) was corrected to (Dunn & Shriner, 1999; van de Wiel et al., 2004).

On page 20, “unstructured” was clarified to “ill-structured”.

The reference Rausch, 2013 was missing. The missing reference as well as Becker & Murphy (1992) were added.

Rausch, A. (2013). Task characteristics and learning potentials: Empirical results of three diary studies on workplace learning. Vocations and Learning, 6, 55-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-012-9086-9

Becker, G. S. & Murphy, K. M. (1992). The division of labor, coordination costs, and knowledge. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(4), 1137-1160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118383

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In addition, DOIs have been added to the following sources.

Ackerman (2011); Alexander (1992a); Bédard & Chi (1992); Billett, Harteis, & Gruber (2018); Chi (2006); Chiesi, Spilich, & Voss (1979); Chow, Miller, Seidel, Kane, Thornton, & Andrews (2015); Dunn & Shriner (1999); Ericsson (2013); Ericsson (2018a); Ericsson (2018b); Ericsson & Harwell (2019); Gill, Swann, & Silvera (1998); Goller (2017); Goller & Billett (2014); Grohnert, Meuwissen, & Gijselaers (2018); Hambrick, Macnamara, & Oswald (2020); Harteis (2014); Kuckartz (2014); Nokes, Schunn, & Chi (2010); Palonen, Boshuizen, & Lehtinen (2014); Rintala, Nokelainen, & Pylväs (2019); Shanteau (1992); Shavelson (2009); Strasser & Gruber (2004); van de Wiel & van den Bossche (2013); van de Wiel, Szegedi, & Weggeman (2004); van de Wiel, van den Bossche, & Koopmans (2021)

The original article has been corrected.